On May 31, 2018, Dr Chehroudi was
invited to visit Prof. Dong Han, Associate Professor and
Assistant Dean of the School of the Mechanical Engineering,
Institute of Internal Combustion Engine, at the
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)
in Shanghai, China. The SJTU is ranked number 11
as "Best Global Universities for Engineering" by the
US News in 2018 with 37,288 students, 3,016 academic
staff, and 3,606/4,100/1,043 BA/MS/PhD degrees awarded each
year. Dr Han has received a MS degree from University of
Michigan at Ann Arbor, and a PhD at the Shangahi Jiao Tong
University. He has also spent two years at Princeton
University working with Prof. C. K. Law on a number of combustion
related projects. Dr Chehroudi was given a tour of the
department, graduate students offices and the combustion
laboratories including the Internal Combustion Lab. A number
of research projects are going on in areas of HCCI engine and
Low Temperature Combustion, fuel studies, and in general emission of
pollutants and performance improvements. Dr Han and Dr
Chehroudi has a number of conversations about their
experiences at Princeton University and a different topics
including future collaborations in research and education.
       
____________________________________
Dr Chehroudi is an invited speaker
by the Society of Automotive Engineers in Shanghai, China
to present lectures on
Gasoline
Direct Injection (May 28-30, 2018) and
Ignition Issues and Their Impact on Engine Performance, Efficiency
and Emission (May 24-25, 2018).
Attendees are from corporations,
government, and universities. There will be several meetings with
top executives and university leaders to discuss areas of mutual
interest and collaborations.
About IGENG News:
https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile/FENG.N
____________________________________
On May 16, 2018, Dr Chehroudi has submitted a ~$600,000 proposal to the Department of
Energy to further develop his two ground-breaking patents in the
hot area of
nanotechnology. These patents were filed thirteen years ago with
numerous applications from automotive to medical industries. They
are a synergy between nanotechnology, chemical reaction, and optics.
He further developed them during the years working at Air Force
Research Laboratory (AFRL) and later through SBIR funds. For the
last month, virtually all weekends Dr Chehroudi was occupied
preparing this 3-year $600,000 proposal with over $2 million
equipment support and commitment from SANDIA Combustion Research
Facility (CRF). SANDIA-CRF is the top engine combustion research
laboratory in the world. Many well-known and respected
scientists/researchers in the world have some activity with CRF at a
time in their careers. The Letter-of-Commitment is only written if
the project is judged to be innovative, ground-breaking, has the
potential to become a disruptive technology, and aligned with what
CRF is currently researching. To help junior faculty members, Dr.
Chehroudi put the name of one of his junior faculty members (Dr
Ehsan Hosseini) as a Principal Investigator on this proposal for
him, as a young professor, to grow, and be
more successful.
In early 90s, Dr Chehroudi has worked
with SANDIA CRF for over five years on Direct Injection Stratified
Charge (DISC) engine when he was at Princeton
University and through a consortium consisting of SANDIA_CRF,
Department of Energy, Los Alamos Laboratory, General Motors Research
Laboratory, and Princeton University.
For a sample of Dr Chehroudi's work
on Nanotechnology see the following links:
1.
Supercritical Fluids: Nanotechnology and Select Emerging
Applications
2.
Graphene and Combustion Applications
3.
Activation and control of Autoignition in HCCI Engine
4.
Potential
Application of Photo-thermal Volumetric Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes
in Internal Combustion Engines.
Project Summary
Light-Activated Volumetrically-Distributed (LAVD)
Ignition/Combustion Using Nanostructured Materials
Statement of the problem or situation
that is being addressed:
To simultaneously minimize the fuel consumption and the emission of
regulated pollutants from reciprocating automotive internal
combustion engines, the intensive R&D efforts in US on in-cylinder
combustion improvements have focused on the low-temperature gasoline
combustion (LTGC) or homogeneously-charges compression-ignition (HCCI)
engines, which are based on in-cylinder volumetric auto-ignition and
combustion of the fuel/air mixture. Research has shown promising
potentials of these engines for contributions towards the stringent
fuel economy regulations on the fleet-averaged fuel consumption
targets to be met both in US and in Europe. However, a
technologically and economically viable start-of- combustion control
(or controlled auto-ignition) has been the main barrier for such
advanced combustion engines. This proposal suggests an innovative,
nanotechnology-based very-low-input-energy optical approach to
address this important problem. Essentially, this is a synergy
between light, chemical reaction, and nanotechnology.
Statement of how this problem or
situation is being addressed:
The
problem of precise control of the volumetric start-of-combustion in
each engine cycle (i.e., controlled auto-ignition) is addressed
through a serendipitously-found synergy between nanotechnology,
light energy, and chemical reaction. Specifically, a
sufficiently-large number of suitably-selected nanotechnology-based
ignition agents (IA) are mixed, as an additive, to the gasoline fuel
which are then fluidized upon full vaporization of in-cylinder
liquid fuel droplets to act as volumetrically-distributed ignition
sources. Upon exposure to a simple pulsed light source (such as an
ordinary low-energy camera flash), these in-cylinder
volumetrically-distributed nanostructured IAs are shown to ignite
(i.e., controlled auto-ignition) and lead to a volumetric combustion
of the fuel-air mixture. This innovative control of the start and
subsequent evolution of the volumetric combustion, addresses an
important technological barrier for the LTGC / HCCI engines.
Project
Objectives: While the
feasibility of the light-activated volumetrically-distributed (LAVD)
ignition under a lean gaseous fuel/air mixture in a constant-volume
combustion chamber has already been demonstrated, the main
objective of this proposed research is to demonstrate feasibility
and performance of the LAVD ignition method in a single-cylinder
4-stroke reciprocating internal combustion (IC) research engine at
Sandia Combustion Research Facility. Initial optical diagnostics
such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and heat release analysis
should provide fundamental understanding on ignition and combustion
process.
Commercial applications and other
benefits:
This innovative ignition method removes
an important technological barrier towards development and
implementation of the environmentally cleanest, and simultaneously,
most efficient reciprocating internal combustion engine using fossil
fuels. The high efficiency of this engine addresses the economic
aspect of the public life and the positive environmental impacts
contribute towards the public health.
"Authority must be accompanied by
prestige and prestige comes only from distance."
By Charles De Gaulle [Le Fil de lepee,
1934]
____________________________________
On May 14-16, 2018, Dr Chehroudi was
an invited speaker in Detroit, Michigan, by the society of
Automotive Engineers and presented series of lectures to
engineers, designers, researchers, R&D managers on combustion and
emission of pollutants from engines. Topics such as
low-temperature combustion, homogeneous-charged spark
ignition, HCCI, SpCCI, auto-ignition, knock, alternative
fuels, and key factors that affect fuel efficiency and
emission of regulated pollutants were amongst the topics discussed.
Dr Chehroudi also also presented his patented
and ground-breaking work on Light-Activated
Volumetrically-Distributed ignition using nanostructured materials
for controlling autoignition in HCCI engines.
Attendees were from the following
organization:
PACCAR Inc
Intertek Carnot Emission Services
NGK Spark Plugs Inc
Kohler Co
Consumers Union of US Inc
(Consumer Report)
Toyota Motor Corp
Honda R&D America
____________________________________
Dr Chehroudi is a member of the
Organizing Committee for the 2nd World Congress on
Mechanical and Mechatronics
Engineering to be held in Dubai, UAE, from April 15 to
17, 2019.
This conference is now an established
event, attracting global participant�s intent on sharing, exchanging
and exploring new avenues of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
and related research and latest developments.
The event will have 5-6 world level
(Highly cited class) plenary speakers, established Keynote speakers,
active Invited speakers and fresh contributed speakers. In addition,
variety of poster presentations along with workshops and special
sessions would be interested in audience.to promote quality research
and real-world impact in an atmosphere of true international
cooperation between scientists
and engineers by bringing together again the world class
researchers, International Communities and Industrial heads to
discuss the latest developments and innovations
in the fields of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering.
____________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi will be an
Invited Speaker to deliver a short seminar on Liquid
Atomization, Sprays, and Fuel Injection in Aircraft Gas Turbine
Engines. The seminar is sponsored by
the American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) and will be held in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 7-8,
2018. Register at:
http:propulsionenergy.aiaa.org/Liquid-Atomization-Spray-and-Fuel-Injection/
Atomization of liquids is at the heart of
operations of many of the devices we use on a daily basis. In the
aerospace industry, the engine thrust, efficiency, and the emission
levels are directly related to the performance of the liquid fuel
injector designs. For this reason, R&D activities in this area have
intensified in the past two decades in a quest to design and operate
efficient and low-emission gas turbine engines. It is imperative
then that individuals involved in research, design, and operation
have the requisite knowledge and training to choose intelligent and
innovative approaches when it comes to liquid fuel nozzle and its
optimum performance.
This two-day course provides an
understanding of the processes of liquid atomization and spray
formation and relating this understanding to fuel injection systems
and emission of pollutants in modern engines. The approach in this
course is to build sufficient background through introduction of a
consistent and widely-used terminology in sprays and atomization.
Justifications, reasons, and purposes of the liquid atomization and
spray formation are discussed along with presentation of different
designs of atomizers and nozzles employed in various industries.
Characterization methods of sprays are discussed after the
definition and meaning of different averaged liquid droplet
diameters are touched on. Droplet size measurement devices are
covered and examples are shown
Learning Objectives
-
Understand and be familiarized with
important terminology commonly used in atomization and sprays
-
Gain a general physical understanding of the important processes
in atomization and spray formation
-
Possess adequate background and foundation to educate yourself
beyond the depth and topics covered
-
Be able to intelligently judge, adapt, and transfer
technological advances from one discipline to the other
-
Understand effects of fuel nozzle design and operating
conditions on engine performance, combustion, and emission of
pollutants
-
Be able to communicate intelligently with engineers working on
fuel nozzle and fuel system design aspects in your company
-
Grasp the technology and the logic behind different injector
designs
-
Gain sufficient knowledge to intelligently contribute to humans'
efforts in minimizing emission of pollutants and maximizing
efficient usage of Earth's energy resources
-
Anticipate future trends and technology developments in fuel
nozzles
-
Learn and appreciate the role the fuel nozzle plays in
combustion and emission and how it is used to provide guidance
in design of low-emission combustion systems
-
Effectively contribute to the design of the critical engine
components affected by the fuel nozzle performance
Who Should Attend
Engineers working on the design of
components for high efficiency and performance of combustion
engines, particularly those directly and indirectly involved in
reducing emission of harmful pollutants from combustion engines,
will highly benefit from this course. Additionally, this course
provides adequate background for engineers and managers in contact
with those directly involved in the fuel nozzle systems. Therefore,
this experience prepares the attendees for a more efficient and
intelligent communication in an interdisciplinary technological
environment. The course is also of interest to academicians wishing
exposure to the field and those engineers active in development and
applications of software, modeling in-cylinder injection combustion
and emission processes.
Outline
Day 1
-
Description of the atomization
process
-
Disintegration of the liquid jets
-
Disintegration of liquid sheets
-
Drop breakup in air flow, turbulent flow, and viscous flow
-
Types of atomizers and their design features
-
Spray drop size distribution and measurements
-
Drop and spray evaporation
Day 2
-
Fuel spray in the combustor confines
-
Spray flame in gas turbine combustors
-
Spray flame stabilization
-
Effects of fuel nozzle design and operating parameters on spray
characteristics and combustor performance
-
Effects of fuel nozzle design and operating parameters on
emission of pollutants
-
Matching of fuel spray with the combustor
-
Fuel nozzles for lean direct injection
-
Advanced concepts
____________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi will be a
member of the Organizing Committee and a
Keynote Speaker at the Mech Aero 2018 Conference in
Atlanta, Georgia (Nov 7-8, 2018). Dr Chehroudi will be giving a
presentation titled "Supercritical Fluid and Applications in
Propulsion Systems".
The theme in this conference will be
New Advanced & Innovations in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Click for
Tentative schedule
____________________________________
Dr. B. Chehroudi is a
member of the Organizing Committee of the 2018
Asia Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering
(MEAE2018). The conference will be held during the June
23-25, 2018 at China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) in Wuhan,
China. The MEAE 2018 will be an internationally renowned forum
for researchers, practitioners, and educators to present and discuss
the most innovations, trends, experiences, and challenges in the
fields of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering. It will
bring together experts from academia and industry to exchange the
latest research results and trends, and their practical applications
in the aforementioned areas of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace
Engineering. This will be accomplished through the following three
modes of communications: Keynote presentations, Parallel sessions,
and poster sessions.
Advisory Committees
Prof. Ji Wu, National Space Science Center
,Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
General Conference Chair
Prof. Huafeng Ding, China University of Geosciences, China
Conference Committee Chair
Prof. Dan Zhang, York University, Canada
Program Chairs
Prof. Chiharu ISHII, Hosei University, Japan
Assoc. Prof. Tzong-Hann Shieh, Feng Chia University, Taiwan
Technical Committees
Assoc. Prof. Rosli Bin Ahmad, Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
D. Ramasamy, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia
Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Chong Wen Tong, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Ahmad Yusairi Bani Hashim, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka, Malaysia
Dr. Mainul Islam, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
Prof. Md Alamgir Hossain, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Military Institute of Science and Technology, Bangladesh
Lecturer Baojian Yang，Wuyi
University,China
Prof. Fred Barez, San Jose State University, USA
Prof. Bruce Chehroudi, Arkansas Tech University USA
Dr. Javaid Butt, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
Prof. S�mer Şahin, Near East University, Turkey
Assoc.Prof. Mehdi Hojjati, Concordia
University, Canada
Assoc.Prof. Sunny Joseph Kalayathankal, K. E. College, Mannanam,
Kottayam, India
Prof. Ramamurthy Prabhakaran，Old
Dominion University USA
____________________________________
On Monday, Dcember 18-20, 2017, Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on
Combustion and
Emission of Pollutants from Automotive Engines at the Society
of Automotive Engineers facility in Troy, Michigan. Thorough
and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics, gas dynamics, and
combustion chemistry is at the heart of the intelligent approach towards
control of the engine combustion and emission of pollutants. To this
end, Dr. Chehroudi's seminar covers key aspects of the combustion of
the fuel air mixtures for best fuel economy at the lowest emission of
the harmful/regulated pollutants.
Representatives from the following
organizations attended the seminar:
_ Volkswagen
_ Toyota Technical Center USA, Inc.
_ Hundai
_ NGK
_ JohnDeere
____________________________________
On Tuesday, November 22, 2017, Dr. Chehroudi was invited to
Environment Canada,
Quebec, to conduct a three-day
presentation. Dr. Chehroudi has presented his views on the
combustion in gasoline-fueled IC Engines and emission of pollutants combustion efficiency, emission of pollutants, and
performance of automotive engines. Below is a partial list of
topics discussed during the presentation. Presentation was followed
by a consulting session exploring areas of mutual interest and
future collaboration.
-Distillation curve for fuels and its
importance
-Distinction between "overall" A/F and cylinder-based, or local A/F
-Black-box operation of the "oxygen sensor" and its purposes
-Equivalence ratio and "lambda"
-Adiabatic flame temperature and its physical meaning/importance
-Heating value
-Combustion efficiency
-Equilibrium and chemical kinetics
-Concept of "mechanism" of overall reaction
-The nature of (heterogeneous) catalytic reaction on surfaces
-Flame propagation
-Laminar burning speed
-Effects of turbulence on flame propagation
-Effects of residual burned gases (or EGR) on Flame propagation
-Impact of multiple spark plugs on flame propagation
-Cylinder pressure measurements and its behavior
-Effects of spark timing (advance/retard) on cylinder pressure
-Mass fraction burned curve & heat release analysis
-Autoignition and Knock in SI engines
-Physical meaning of "specific heat"
-Cyclic variability and how it is quantified
____________________________________
Dr Chehroudi was invited to
conduct a 3-day seminar on in-cylinder processes (liquid
atomization, vaporization, mixing, liquid spray-flow interactions,
chemically reactive flows, flame-turbulence interactions, pollutants
formations, etc) in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines that
affect efficiency, performance and tailpipe emission of pollutants.
The GDI engine is projected to be the fastest growing market in the
next 10 years and will become the dominant internal combustion
engine by 2025. EPA's 2025 projection of the fuel economy is at the
54.5 mpg level. Downsizing and turbocharging is one approach towards
this level of fuel economy along with host of other combustion
strategies such as stratified charge operation (Sept 11-13, 2017).
____________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi and his
collaborators (Professors A. P. Carlucci, A. Ficarella, D. Laforgia,
and researcher L. Strafella) from the University of Salento were
invited to contribute a chapter in a book titled "Carbon Nanotubes -
Recent Progress". The book is edited by M. M. Rahman and A. M.
Asiri (ISBN 978-953-51-5707-6). The chapter title is "Potential
Application of Photo-Thermal Volumetric Ignition of Carbon Nanotubes
in Internal Combustion Engines". It will be published in INTECH Open
Science / Open Minds (https://www.intechopen.com/ ). Other topics
covered in the book are Nanocomposites, Carbon, Chiral, Charcoal,
Carbon based sensors, Nanotubes, Conductors, Metallic tubes, Nano-structural
materials, Fibers, Carbon related material, Electrochemistry,
Catalysis, Mechanical property, Nanowires, Composites, Percolation,
Mediators, 3D materials, Modelling, Energy conversion, Splitting,
3rd generation, Solar cells, Supercapacitor, Fabrication, Nanocarbon,
Graphitic carbon, Core-shell study, Nanotechnology, Electronic
properly, Conductivity, Nanobuds, Peapod, Silicon (Aug 27, 2017).
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi has been
collaborating with professors and researchers at the
Department of
Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Italy, which
led to a recent acceptance of a publication in the Journal of Fuels
(Elsevier) in a special Volume for Dual-Fuel and Fuel Additives
(coming soon). The work is quite
unique, further demonstrating original and pioneering work by Dr
Chehroudi in applications of nano-structured materials for ignition
and combustion of fuels to achieve light-activated Volumetric
ignition of fuel-air mixtures, especially under lean conditions.
Collaborators were Prof. Antonio Ficarella,
Prof. Antonio Paolo Carlucci,
Prof. Domenico Laforgia (former President of the University of
Salento), and the PhD Student Dr. Luciano Strafella who did an
excellent job in such a difficult research work.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236117309079#!
(July 12, 2017)
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Bonded with Ferrocene Particles as Ignition Agents for Air-Fuel
Mixtures
Abstract:
The potentials and characteristics of
a new ignition system for air-fuel mixtures are discussed. This
ignition method (referred to as photo-thermal ignition) is based on
light exposure of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), bonded
with other nano-Structured Materials (nSMs), (collectively referred
here as �nanoignition agent�), using a low-consumption camera flash.
Here, ferrocene, an organometallic compound, was used as the nSMs.
Results from, and benefits of, this new ignition method are compared
with a conventional spark-plug-initiated ignition used in automotive
engines.
The main objective of this research
is to demonstrate ignition feasibility of mixtures of both gaseous
and liquid fuels with air under high pressures using the
photo-thermal ignition (PTI) phenomenon. Specifically, the ignition
and subsequent combustion characteristics of gaseous air-fuel
mixtures at different air-fuel ratios were investigated by means of
light exposures of nano-ignition agents (nIAs) after they are mixed
with air-fuel mixtures.
Analysis of the acquired data showed
that for the range of air-fuel ratios tested, the photo-thermal
ignition with a flash lamp resulted in a higher peak chamber
pressure when compared to those obtained with a conventional spark
ignition system. Heat release rate analysis showed that shorter
ignition delays and total combustion durations for the Photo-thermal
ignition are achieved. Comparative percent reduction of these values
for photo-ignition ranges from 20% to 50% for LPG and methane,
whereas values up to 70% were observed for the hydrogen. The
positive impact of the photo-thermal ignition appears to be
primarily at the ignition delay period of the combustion. With
liquid fuels, photo-thermal ignition was capable to ignite mixtures
as lean as a relative air-fuel ratio of 2.7 while the spark ignition
was incapable to initiate combustion. Additionally, tests with the
liquid gasoline injection highlighted that the combustion process
with a higher �residence mixing time� exhibited higher peak
pressures and shorter ignition delay times.
High-speed camera images were used to
capture images of the light emission during the combustion process
in visible range, allowing investigation of the ignition processes.
In particular, the results showed that the photo-thermal ignition
process of the air-fuel mixtures with nano-ignition agents led to a
spatially-distributed ignition followed by a faster consumption of
the air-fuel mixture with no evidence of any discernible flame front
formation or propagation.
_______________________________________________
On July 10, 2017,
Dr.
Chehroudi attended the
AIAA Propulsion & Energy Forum held in Atlanta, Georgia. He was
also a Session Chair for the "Combustion Instability I" in which the
following five technical papers were presented. Session Chairs are
responsible of review of the original extended abstract submitted
and based on that invite for full paper submission.
Numerical Simulation of
Thermoacoustic Combustion Instabilities in the Volvo Combustor (E.
Gonzalez, Combustion Science & Engineering Inc.)
Quantitative Comparisons Between LES
Predictions and Experimental Measurements of Sound Pressure Spectra
in a Confined Swirl Combustor (M. Merk, Technical University of
Munich, Munic, Germany; R. Gourdron, M. Gatti, C. Mirat,
CentraleSupelec, Paris, France; W. Polifke, Technical University of
Munich, Munich, Germany; T. Schuller, CentraleSupelec, Paris,
France)
Development of a Novel Approximate
Solution to teh Acoustic Wave Equation with ean Gradient and its
Application to Predicting Combustion Instabilities in a Dump
Combustor (V. Rani, S. Rani, University of Alabama, Hunsville, AL)
Large-Eddy Simulation of
Single-Element Gas-Centered Swirl-Coaxial Injectors for Combustion
Instability Prediction (C. Umphrey, Sierra Lobo, Inc., Edwards AFB,
CA; M. Harvazinski, S. Schumaker, V. Sankaran, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA)
Time-resolved Single-Element
Gas-centered Swirl-Coaxial Injector Simulations for Combustion
Stability Prediction (C. Lietz, Sierra Lobo, Inc., Edwards AFB, CA;
M. Harvazinski, S. Schumaker, V. Sankaran, Air Force Research
Laboratory, Edwards, AFB, CA)
On July 10, 2017, Dr Chehroudi as a
Senior members of the Propellant and Combustion Technical Committee,
attended the evening meeting with the rest of the members. Topics
such as management of technical sessions and papers, creation of new
technical sessions, Best Paper awards, Student Best Paper, Year-End
highlights of technical progress and advances, continuing education,
membership, etc.
_______________________________________________
On July 10, 2017, Dr Chehroudi as
a Senior members of the
Propellant
and Combustion Technical Committee, attended the evening meeting
with the rest of the members. Topics such as management of technical
sessions and papers, creation of new technical sessions, Best Paper
awards, Student Best Paper, Year-End highlights of technical
progress and advances, continuing education, membership, etc.
_______________________________________________
On May 22 to 24, 2017, Dr.
Chehroudi is invited by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME) to conduct a seminar on
Combustion and Emission of Pollutants from Gas Turbine Engines.
Attendees are design engineers,
combustion engineers, technical managers, research
scientists/engineers, and specialists in the field.
Controlling the emission of
pollutants from gas turbine engines, whether they come from
aircraft, ground-based energy conversion or mechanical drives, is
one of the grand challenges of our time. Design strategies for many
gas turbine components, specifically combustors and fuel nozzles,
require a thorough understanding of the control of regulated
combustion pollutants released into the atmosphere.
This course presents a balanced look
at current and future low-emission design strategies for both
aircraft and ground-based gas turbine engines. It demonstrated that
the formation mechanisms for the regulated pollutants is critical
for efficient engineering design strategies and technology
development.
The course will over a wide range of
topics, including premixed or partially-premixed combustor designs,
staging in lean-premixed prevaporized (LPP) mixture and its
consequences on designs of the combustor, prevaporization,
combustion efficiency, lean stability, auto-ignition, flashback,
fuel nozzles, and lean direct injection (LDI).
Operability issues (such as part-load
emissions, stability and lean blowout, ignition, thermal
managements, pattern factor, combustor pressure losses, combustion
oscillations, and alternative fuels) will also be discussed.
Using case studies from manufacturers
and technology developers, the class discussion will emphasize the
system-level and practical issues that must be addressed in
developing different types of gas turbines that emit pollutants at
acceptable levels. The course will be especially valuable to those
who are new in the field as well as those who wish to increase their
understanding of gas turbine emission control strategies. For more
information please visit www.asme.org
.
_______________________________________________
On May 15 to 17, 2017, Dr.
Chehroudi is invited by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),
to conduct a seminar on Combustion and Emission of Pollutants from
engines.
Attendees are design engineers,
combustion engineers, technical managers, research
scientists/engineers, and specialists in the field.
Combustion is a key element of many
of modem society�s critical technologies. Electric power production,
home heating, ground transportation, spacecraft and aircraft
propulsion, and materials processing all use combustion to convert
chemical energy to thermal energy or propulsive force. Although
combustion, which accounts for approximately 70 percent of the
world�s energy usage, is vital to our current way of life, it poses
great challenges to maintaining a healthy environment. Improved
understanding of combustion will help us deal better with the
problems of pollutants, atmospheric change and global warming,
unwanted fires and explosions, and the incineration of hazardous
wastes. Despite vigorous scientific examination for over a century,
researchers still lack full understanding of many fundamental
combustion processes. The list below shows key topics discussed with
reference to many applications in design and engineering of relevant
components. For more information, please visit www.sae.org.
_Hydrocarbon and alternative fuels
_Distillation curve for fuels and its importance
_Distinction between "overall" A/F and cylinder-based, or local A/F
_Black-box operation of the "oxygen sensor" and its purposes
_Equivalence ratio and "lambda" _Adiabatic flame temperature and its
physical meaning/importance
_Heating value
_Combustion efficiency
_Equilibrium and chemical kinetics
_Concept of "mechanism" of overall reaction
_The nature of (heterogeneous) catalytic reaction on surfaces
_Flame propagation
_Laminar burning speed
_Turbulent flames
_Effects of turbulence on flame propagation
_Effects of residual burned gases (or EGR) on Flame propagation
_Impact of multiple spark plugs on flame propagation
_Cylinder pressure measurements and its behavior
_Effects of spark timing (advance/retard) on cylinder pressure
_Mass fraction burned curve & heat release analysis _Autoignition
and Knock in SI engines
_Physical meaning of "specific heat"
_Cyclic variability and how it is quantified
_Mixture preparation
_Effects of design and operating conditions on combustion & emission
of pollutants
_Diagnostics
_Laser and optical diagnostics for engine research
_Case studies and discussions
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi acted as a member of
the PhD Committee for Dr. Luciano Strafella from Department of
Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, for
his work titled " A Novel Approach to Initiate Combustion:
Performance and Application Potential in Internal Combustion
Engines. Dr. Chehroudi was involved in the progress and direction of
the work and reviewed / commented on the dissertation. May 4, 2017.
_______________________________________________
On March 20- 22, 2017, Dr.
Chehroudi was an invited speaker by the Society of Automotive
Engineers, to conduct a seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
in Troy, Michigan.
This is a highly updated version of
the seminar introduced in 2010 which, in view of recent market share
of GDI Engines, has become a very popular professional seminar to
attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the seminar is to
present adequate information on combustion and emission of
pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate attendee's background
knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines. Below is the table of content for this
seminar:
●Mixture Formation
●In-cylinder flow characteristics and GDI
combustion
●Fuel-air mixing process
●Spray-wall interactions
●Cold start and wall wetting issues
●Combustion Process and Control Strategies
●Engine Operating Modes and Fuel Injection Strategies
●Early-injection, late-injection, stoichiometric operation
●Operating mode transition
●Split Injection Strategy
●Two-stage, split, and post injection
●Combustion characteristics
●Homogeneous-charge and stratified-charge
combustion
●Effects of Engine Operating and Design Parameters on GDI Combustion
●Injection and ignition timings
●Spray cone angle
●EGR
●Knock resistance characteristics
●Air-assisted versus single-fluid GDI fuel system
●Injector, Combustion Chamber, and Intake Valve Deposits
●Emissions of Pollutants - Reduction Approaches
●Hydrocarbon, NOx and particulate
●Fuel Economy
●Factors affecting improved fuel economy
●Fuel economy versus emissions compromise
●Select Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines
●Benefits of Turbocharging a GDI engine
_______________________________________________
On January 11, 2017, Dr. Chehroudi
chaired a technical session on Combustion Dynamics during the
Science and Technology Forum
and Exposition (SciTech 2017),
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) ,
Grapevine, Texas, Jan 9-13, 2017.
Speakers from Air Force Research
Laboratory, Georgia Tech University, University of Cambridge,
Sapienza University of Rome, University of California at Los Angeles
(UCLA), and Purdue University presented their research.
_______________________________________________
Invited Speaker by the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics to conduct a
two-day seminar on Liquid Atomization, Sprays, and Fuel Injection in
Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines (January 7-8, 2017), AIAA Science
and Technology Forum and Exposition (SciTech 2017), Grapevine,
Texas, Jan 9-13, 2017.
Atomization of liquids is at the
heart of operations of many of the devices we use on a daily basis.
From our shower in the mo rning
(water atomization at the shower head), to liquid-fueled engines in
ground transportation (gasoline and diesel engines), to gas turbine
in airplanes/power stations and rocket engines. Other areas such as
electrostatic car-body spray painting, agricultural crop spraying,
ink jet printing, pharmaceutical nebulizers, spray drying,
and chemical liquid rockets, are just a few examples of the very
wide applications of the liquid spray production technology.
In the aerospace industry, the engine
thrust, efficiency, and the emission levels are directly related to
the performance of the liquid fuel injector designs. For this
reason, R&D activities in this area have intensified in the past two
decades in a quest to
design and operate efficient and
low-emission gas turbine engines. It is imperative then individuals
involved in research, design, and operation have the requisite
knowledge and training to choose intelligent and innovative
approaches when it comes to liquid fuel nozzle and its optimum
performance.
This seminar is about understanding
the processes of liquid atomization and spray formation and relating
this understanding to fuel injection systems and emission of
pollutants in modern engines. The approach in this course is to
build sufficient background through introduction of a consistent and
widely-used terminology in sprays and atomization. Justifications,
reasons, and purposes of the liquid atomization and spray formation
are discussed along with presentation of different designs of
atomizers and nozzles employed in various industries.
Characterization methods of sprays are discussed after the
definition and meaning of different averaged liquid droplet
diameters are touched. Droplet size measurement devices are covered
and examples are shown. Armed with these critical background
information, the focus of the course is then heavily directed to gas
turbine fuel nozzle designs and their performance requirements for
optimum engine operation with lowest possible emission of harmful
pollutants.
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi is a member of the
Organizing Committee for the 5th International Conference and
Exhibition on Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering to be held in
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, October
2-7, 2017. The conference theme is New Advancements and Innovations
in Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering.
_______________________________________________
On November 14-16, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi
will be an invited speaker by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to deliver a 3-day seminar on
Effective Management of Research and Development in San Diego,
California.
In today's technology-driven global economy, innovation is at the
core of the survival-of-the-fittest organization. The innovation
process begins with the identification of market needs or technology
opportunity and then goes through stages, such as adopting or
adapting existing technology that satisfies the identified need or
opportunity, inventing when needed, and finally transferring this
technology by commercialization or other instrumental means.
Effective and efficient R&D management can have profound and
determining consequences, considering the key role it plays in the
economic health of a nation and the world as a whole, the
profitability of a business enterprise, the effectiveness of a
technology-based governmental agency, and the enormous investment
nations make in R&D activities. Today, the complexity of the
technology creates complex organizations in which many disciplines
have to be coordinated. It is the manager's primary responsibility
to bring components together so they can operate smoothly and
harmoniously, each making an optimal contribution to the R&D
organization.
_______________________________________________
On August 8 to 10, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi
was an invited speaker at the US Army, Redstone Arsenal in
Huntsville, AL to give a talk on Liquid
Atomization, Sprays, and Fuel Injection.
Dr Chehroudi discussed some of
the advances in liquid atomization, sprays and fuel injection and
their applications in advanced small diesel engines. Dr
Chehroudi discussed some of his ideas, particularly the
"Interacting-Sprays Injection System" in order to have equal or even
better atomization quality while lowering the system weight for
small engine applications. The concept of Interacting-Sprays
Injection System was first proposed by Chehroudi's group, something
that was inspired by impinging-jets injectors in liquid rocket
engines. Mr. Joseph A Gibson, US Army Propulsion Division,
Small and Certified Engines Team,
was his host.
This in-house seminar was organized
by the Society of automotive Engineers (SAE).
_______________________________________________
On July 25 to 27, 2016, Dr.
Chehroudi has conducted a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct
Injection (GDI) engines in Troy, Michigan.
This is a seminar introduced in 2010
which, in view of recent market share of GDI Engines, has become a very
popular professional seminar to attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the
seminar is to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's background knowledge for an intelligent application
and comfortable understanding of the existing body of knowledge in
direct injection spark ignition engines.
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi will be chairing a
session on Ignition in Propulsion Systems during the 2016 American
Institute o f
Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) held in
Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, July
25 - 27. The following papers will be presented in this session.
_______________________________________________
On June 16, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi
was an invited speaker at the
Kasetsart University (KU), Bangkok, Thailand.
 This
meeting was kindly organized by
Prof. Klanarong Sriroth who is also a distinguished member of the
Board of
Directors of the
Mitr Phol company. Dr. Chehroudi presented a work
on university-industry collaboration on R&D, titled
"Corporate-University R&D," to a large number of attendees:
Click on the
KURDI link. During
this visit he has the opportunity and the honor to meet with the
President of the university (Dr. Chongrak Wachrinrat), Vice
President for Research (Dr. Siree Chaiseri), and
Director of the
Research and Development Institute (KURDI) (Dr. Thongchai Sunwonsichon).
During this visit he was kindly escorted by Prof. Chinnathan
Areeprasert, from the Mechanical Engineering department.
Dr. Chehroudi has also met the
following members of the university community:
Dr. Punpiti Piamsa-nga, Deputy
Director for IT & Associate Professor
Dr. Wirat Vanichsriratana, Assistant Dean for Information Systems
Dr. Vejapong Juttijudata, Associate professor, Department of
Aerospace Engineering
Dr. Prapot Kunthong, Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering
Dr. Peerayuth Charnsethikul, Dean, School of Engineering
Dr. Tanet Aroonsrisopon, Deputy Head of Mechanical Engineering
Department
Dr. Chawalit Kittichaikarn, International Undergraduate Program
Director
Dr. Orapin Chienthavom, Vice Dean for Research and International
Affairs
Dr. Chaiwat Klampol, Department of Aerospace Engineering
Dr. Wichai Siwakosit, Rail Engineering Program Director
During this visit, Dr Chehroudi
and the
Kasetsart University discussed avenues in which they can
cooperate on matters related to Research and Development and
industry collaborations. Some suggestions were made to pursue
the matters in the near future.
_______________________________________________
From June 12 to 15, 2016, Dr.
Chehroudi was an invited consultants for the
Mitr Phol company
in Thailand. Dr. Chehroudi and Ms. Hooshmand acted as
consultants regarding the training and future growth of company's
innovation and management of research and development (R&D).
This meeting was initiated by
Prof. Klanarong Sriroth who is also a distinguished member of
the Board of Directors of the
Mitr Phol company.
Dr. Chehroudi and Ms. Hooshmand also
had a great pleasure of meeting Prof. Dr. Pavinee Chinachoti,
President of the FoSTAT (www.fostat.org).
The
Mitr Phol company
is a privately-owned group of companies, mainly owned by the
Vongkusolkit family. It is now ranked as the world's third
largest sugar producer, and the largest producer in Asia. It is
Thailand's largest sugar producer and the 2nd largest in China
through its joint venture company East Asia Sugar. In addition to
Thailand and China, Mitr Phol has operations and investments in Lao
PDR, Cambodia, and most recently Australia. Its key business units
include sugar, wood substitute materials, and renewable energy.
Dr. Chehroudi had opportunities to
meet the following distinguished members of the Mitr Phol:
Mr. Suppapong Sooksangchaya, Vice
President, Sugar Farm Technology and Management, Mitr Phol Sugar
Corp., Ltd.
Mr. Chusak Vongkusolkit, Chief
Operating Officer, China Business Group
Mr. Borwornman Thongkalya, Senior Executive VP, Human Resources and
Management Group
Mr. Apiwat Boonthawee, Executive VP, Sugarcane Management (Central
Area)
Dr. Sarayuth Saengchan, Senior Executive VP, Finance
Mr. Paitoon Praphatharo, Executive VP Sugarcane Management
(Northeast Area 2)
Mr. Ali Sajjad Dharamsey, Executive VP, International Sales and
Molasses Marketing Group
Mr. Worrawat Sriyook, VP, Risk Management, Safety Occupational
Health and Environment
Dr. Sunisa Chatsurachai, Senior
Researcher (Bioinformatics), Research & Development Division,
Innovation and Research Center, Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center
Co., Ltd.
Dr. Sansanalak Rachawong, Senior Manager - Bio-based Chemicals &
Energy, Research & Development Division, Innovation and Research
Center, Mitr Phol Sugarcane Research Center Co., Ltd.
Mr. Piyanan Tessen, Researcher (Technology Analyst), Mitr Phole
Sugarcane Research Center Co., Ltd
Pichai Noonto, Manager, Office of
Senior Executive VP, Manufacturing
Krist Kroopasa, Human Resources Manager (Phu Vieng), Human Resources
Department, United Farmer & Industry Co., Ltd.
Dr. Jetnapa Techawipharat, Deputy
Manager, Corporate Strategy, Mitr Phol Sugar Corp., Ltd.
Suchat Olannaranon, Business Analyst, Mitr Phol Sugar Corp. Ltd.
Mr. Reaz Sheriff, Group Managing
Director, Panel Plus Co., Ltd., Mitr Phol Group
_______________________________________________
On Monday, May 25 - 27,
2016, Dr. Chehroudi was an invited speaker by the
Lubrizol Corporation (R &D
Center), to conduct an in-house seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection
(GDI), Additives, and Deposit Formations in Wickliffe, Ohio.
This is a
specially prepared seminar for Lubrizol that is supplemented and
enhanced with information on additives and deposit formation issues
in injectors, combustion chamber, and valves.
The objective of the
seminar was to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants, additives and deposit formation in GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines.
During this visit, Dr.
Chehroudi Met with some of the senior members of the engine oil and fuel
testing as well as R&D centers. There were exchanges of
information. The ATC and Lubrizol explored avenues for future
collaborations in areas of mutual interest.
_______________________________________________
In 2016, Dr. Chehroudi's paper
on applications of
Graphene (a nanotechnology product) in fuels and combustion
systems has been published by the special volume of the
CRC
Handbook of Graphene Science - Applications and Industrialization, Taylor and Francis. The title of the article is "Applications of Graphene in
Fuel/Propellant Combustion". The set includes
contributions from top researchers in the field and a foreword
written by two Nobel Laureates in Physics. Below, is the abstract of this work:
Graphene is the
strongest material ever studied and can be an efficient substitute
for silicon. This six-volume handbook focuses on fabrication
methods, nanostructure and atomic arrangement, electrical and
optical properties, mechanical and chemical properties,
size-dependent properties, and applications and industrialization.
There is no other major reference work of this scope on the topic of
graphene, which is one of the most researched materials of the
twenty-first century. The set includes contributions from top
researchers in the field and a foreword written by two Nobel
laureates in physics.
Abstract
Use of nanostructured
materials, in particular graphene, in combustion and ignition of
fuels has recently shown promising results to enhance fuel burn rate
and potential for light-activated volumetrically-distributed
ignition. For example, addition of functionalized graphene (FG)
sheets to nitromethane, has been demonstrated to act as a catalyst
and substantially increase the linear burning rate of the fuel.
Functionalization of the graphene is considered as a great
opportunity for tailor-made material with specific properties of
interest. For example, it consists of chemical functional groups on
the surface such as epoxides and hydroxides and on the edges of the
sheet as hydroxides and carboxylates. These oxygen-containing
functionalities bring about catalytic properties for fuel
decomposition and other intermediate fragments during the fuel
oxidation process. The defect structures in the FG sheets have also
been shown to act as active sites. Such augmented fuel thermal
decomposition and its derivatives have been verified through use of
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. FG sheets are easily
dispersible in many hydrocarbon fuels and propellants with no need
for surfactants and may also offer a substantially higher surface
area than other nanostructured materials such as metal oxides and
carbon nanotubes. Also, because FG is entirely oxidized in high
temperature combustion zones with virtually no additional residues
other than the common combustion products, it can be viewed as a
fuel supplement, contributing towards the energy density. In this
paper, applications of the graphene oxides and FG sheets in ignition
and combustion of fuels are briefly reviewed, highlighting
potentials and future prospects of these materials.
Table of Contents
BIOMATERIAL
Design and Applications of Graphene- and
Biomolecule-Based Nanosensors and Nanodevices
Ke Xu,
Preeti Pratap, Mitra Dutta, and Michael Stroscio
Graphene-Based
DNA Sensors
Hatef
Sadeghi
Antimicrobial Perspectives for Graphene-Based
Nanomaterials
Archana
Ramchandra Deokar, Madhulika Sinha, Ganesh Gollavelli, and Yong-Chien
Ling
Biomedical Applications of Graphene
Maria Caffo, Lucia Merlo, Daniele
Marino, and Gerardo Caruso
Graphene
Biodevices
Xiaochen
Dong, Beibei Zhan, and Wei Huang
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities
of Graphene Nanosheets
Montree
Sawangphruk
Applications of Graphene in Biosensing
D. P. Nikolelis, Z. H. Ibupoto, G.-P.
Nikoleli, and M. Willander
Graphene-Based
Biosensor Technologies
Arzum
Erdem, Ece Eksin, and Mihrican Muti
Graphene-Based
Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Bioanalytical
Applications
Suresh Kumar Kailasa, Hui-Fen Wu, and
Jigneshkumar V. Rohit
Richness of Graphene-Based Materials in
Biomimetic Applications
Bhaskar
Garg and Yong-Chien Ling
NANOCOMPOSITES
Graphene-Based
Polymer Nanocomposites
S. Chatterjee and B. T. T. Chu
Preparation of Cellulose/Graphene
Nanocomposites
Nguyen Dang Luong and Jukka Sepp�l�
Straightforward Routes for the
Preparation of Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
Giulio
Malucelli and Alberto Mariani
Polymer Devices with Graphene: Solar
Cells and Ultracapacitors
Agnieszka
Iwan, Bronislaw Szubzda, and Andrzej Sikora
ELECTRICAL/SENSOR DEVICES
Graphene-Based
Sensors: Current Status and Future Trends
Goutam
Koley, Amol Singh, and Ahsan Uddin
Effect of External Electric Fields on
the Multifunctional Applications of Graphene
Zhimin
Ao, Qing Jiang, Sean Li, Shixue Dou, and Guoxiu Wang
Impact of the Structural Properties of
Graphene on SiC Surfaces on Their Electronic Applications: An
Assessment
Jolanta
Borysiuk and Jakub Sołtys
Resistive Nonvolatile Memories Based on
Graphene-Related Materials: State of the Art
P. Bondavalli, D. Ihnatov, D. Pribat,
and P. Legagneux
Applications of Graphene-Based Materials
in Electronic Devices
Gaurav
Gupta, Minggang Zeng, Argo Nurbawono, Wen Huang, and Gengchiau Liang
Graphene-
and Graphene-Oxide-Based Gas Sensors
Vladimir Aroutiounian
NEW APPLICATIONS
Graphene-Based
Materials for Fuel Cells: Approaches and Applications
Junrui
Li and Haolin Tang
Chemistry and Applications of
Supramolecular Graphene Derivatives
Hugo Bares, Jean-Baptiste Verlhac, and
Dario M. Bassani
Applications of Graphene in Tissue
Engineering
Eoin
Murray, Brianna C. Thompson, and Gordon G. Wallace
Graphene
in Space
Domingo An�bal Garc�a-Hern�ndez and
Franco Cataldo
Graphene
Materials in Energy Storage Applications
Grzegorz
Lota, Krzysztof Fic, Ilona Acznik, and Katarzyna Lota
Applications of Graphene in
Fuel/Propellant Combustion
Bruce Chehroudi
Fabrication of Graphene-Based Porous
Materials and Their Applications in Environmental Fields
Zhu-Yin Sui, Ding Zhou, and Bao-Hang Han
New Energy Material: Graphene
Hongying
Hou, Xianxi Liu, and Jinhui Peng
Potential Applications of Graphene in
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Avijit
Ghosh and Anil Verma
_______________________________________________
On Monday, March 21-23, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on
Combustion and
Emission of Pollutants from Automotive Engines at the Society
of Automotive Engineers facility in Troy, Michigan. Thorough
and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics, gas dynamics, and
combustion chemistry is at the heart of the intelligent approach towards
control of the engine combustion and emission of pollutants. To this
end, Dr. Chehroudi's seminar covers key aspects of the combustion of
the fuel air mixtures for best fuel economy at the lowest emission of
the harmful/regulated pollutants.
Representatives from the following
organizations attended the seminar:
_ US Environmental Protection Agency
_ Honda R&D America Inc.
_ Mercedes Benz R&D North America
_ Southwest Research Institute
_ Toyota Technical Center USA, Inc.
_ Kohler Co
_ Mitsubishi Motors R&D of America Inc
_ General Motors
_______________________________________________
On March 3-9, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi was an
invited speaker by the Society of Automotive
Engineers, to conduct two seminars as listed below. The
seminars were held in the Le Royal Meridian Shanghai Hotel,
Shanghai, China.
First, "Ignition Issues and
Their Impacts on Performance, Efficiency and Emission of
Pollutants" in
Shanghai, China.
Second, "Gasoline Direct Injection"
engines
Updated version of the Ignition seminar was
presented to attendees from the following organizations:
_United Automotive Electronic Systems
Co. Ltd.
_GBI SOURCING LIMITED
_Blue Crown Technology (Suzhou) Co. Ltd.
_Chang An Ford (Chongqing)
_Shanghai Automotive Industry Company
_Chang An Ford Automotive Company, Ltd Power Train Branch
_Toyota
_Shell (Shanghai) Technology Limited
_SAIC
Engineers and researchers from the
following companies attended the Gasoline Direct Injection engine
seminar:
_ SAIC Motor Corporation Limited
(Passenger Vehicle Co.)
_ Changan Ford Automotive Co. Ltd
_ GBI Sourcing Limited
_ United Automotive Electronic Systems Co. Ltd (Joint Venture Bosch
& Zhong-Lian Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd)
_ Exxon Mobile
_ Shell (Shanghai) Technology Limited
_______________________________________________
On January 25 - 27, 2016, Dr.
Chehroudi was an invited speaker by the Society of Automotive
Engineers, to conduct a seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection in
Norwalk, California (Auto Partners Building, Cerritos College).
This is a highly updated version of the seminar introduced in 2010
which, in view of recent market share of GDI Engines, has become a very
popular professional seminar to attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the
seminar is to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines. Below is the table of content for this
seminar:
●Mixture
Formation
●In-cylinder
flow characteristics and GDI combustion
●Fuel-air
mixing process
●Spray-wall
interactions
●Cold
start and wall wetting issues
●Combustion
Process and Control Strategies
●Engine
Operating Modes and Fuel Injection Strategies
●Early-injection,
late-injection, stoichiometric operation
●Operating
mode transition
●Split
Injection Strategy
●Two-stage,
split, and post injection
●Combustion
characteristics
●Homogeneous-charge
and stratified-charge combustion
●Effects
of Engine Operating and Design Parameters on GDI Combustion
●Injection
and ignition timings
●Spray
cone angle
●EGR
●Knock
resistance characteristics
●Air-assisted
versus single-fluid GDI fuel system
●Injector,
Combustion Chamber, and Intake Valve Deposits
●Emissions
of Pollutants - Reduction Approaches
●Hydrocarbon,
NOx and particulate
●Fuel
Economy
●Factors
affecting improved fuel economy
●Fuel
economy versus emissions compromise
●Select
Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines
●Benefits
of Turbocharging a GDI engine
During this visit, Dr.
Chehroudi had the pleasure of meeting
Ms. Jannet Malig, Director of the
Advanced Transportation
Technology and Energy Center (ATTE) at the Cerritos College.
During this meeting, avenues for future collaborations
have been explored on areas of mutual interest. This
is an exciting opportunity for the ATC to offer services towards
goals and objectives of the ATTE Center. ATC looks forward to
such future opportunities with ATTE Center.
_______________________________________________
On March 27-31, 2016 Dr. Chehroudi
is an Invited Speaker to the
EMN Meeting on
Carbon Nanostructures, Energy
Materials Nanotechnology, Hawaii, USA. He will deliver a
talk titled "Applications of Nanotechnology in Fuel Energy and
Propulsion" The abstract of this work is presented below.
The modern advent of nano-
science/technology is usually marked with a lecture delivered by the
Noble laureate Richard Feynman in 1959 titled �There is Plenty of
Room at the Bottom�. Since then, there have been tremendous
progresses in a large number of directions using products
manufactured, and information learned, from nanoscale materials.
Nano-science is truly a multidisciplinary subject which has
penetrated into a large number of other areas/applications such as
medicine, pharmaceutical, dentistry, textile, sports, automotive,
computers, and energy, to name a few. In this presentation, a select
number of applications of knowledge learned at the nanosized range
are briefly discussed in the context of fossil fuel production and
propulsion. The aim is to demonstrate the great potential of
nanostructured materials in petroleum refining industry,
contributing towards efficient production of fuels and thereby of
different forms of energies. In particular, the catalytic role they
play is of paramount importance, especially considering that energy
producers are switching to ever-heavier fossil feedstocks (heavy
oil, tar sands, shale oil, and coal) while the supply of light
petroleum feedstock (high in hydrogen and low in sulfur and
nitrogen) is rapidly depleting. Applications of nanostructured
materials in naphtha reforming, hydrotreating (or
hydrodesulfurization), conversion of syngas (Water-gas shift and
Fisher-tropsch), and use of graphene/carbon-nanotubes in ignition,
combustion and propulsion are presented.
Click on the image to the right
for the
list of invited presentations and the titles of their research work.
Click
on
the image below for the details of the
Program & Abstracts and to download the file.
_______________________________________________
On January 4-8, 2016, Dr. Chehroudi
attended the
SciTech 2016, organized by the
American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) to chair a session
(Friday, January 8, 2016, 9 am to 12:30 pm)
on
Rocket and Air Breathing Combustion II. The conference was held
in Manchester Grand
Hyatt Hotel, San Diego, California, USA.
Presentations will be made from the
following organizations:
United Technologies Aerospace Systems
University of Cincinnati
Air force Institute of Technology
Air Force Research Laboratory
Institute of Combustion Technology for aerospace Engineering
University of Stuttgart
Kassoy Innovative Science Solutions LLC
Central Connecticut State University
Paper Titles:
1. Effect of Nozzle Spacing on NOx
Emissions and Lean Operability- 2314538
2. Modeling Fuel Film Cooling on
Rocket Engine Walls _ 2317860
3. Numerical Simulations of a Single
Injector Gaseous Methane Rocket Combustion Chamber Abstract
4. Formulation of Equations to
Describe the Thermomechanical Response of a Gas to Transient,
Spatially Resolved Thermal Energy Addition-2320582
5. Performance Characterization of
the Busek BGT-X5 Monopropellant Thruster using AF-M315 and Other
Proprietary Blends-
6. Study of the Combustion of Beeswax
and Beeswax With Aluminum Powder in Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine_
2311882 _
Also, as a senior member of the AIAA Propellant & Combustion
Technical Committee,
Dr. Chehroudi has attended the committee meeting on Monday, January
4, 2016 in which discussions were held on issues pertaining to
future technical directions and sessions in AIAA meetings, technical
publications, continuing education activities, best paper awards,
etc and decisions are made to move forward.
_______________________________________________
Dr Chehroudi has accepted a department Head position at the
Mechanical Engineering Department of the Arkansas Tech University to
temporarily help the department's progress into the future.
_______________________________________________
On November 12-13,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi was an
Invited Speaker
at the 2015 R&D
100 Awards & Technology Conference by the R&D 100 Magazine where the 100 most innovative
technologies introduced in the last year were personated. Dr.
Chehroudi delivered a presentation entitled "R&D
Alliances: Relational, Portfolio, and Network Factors Impacting
Outcomes".
For Conference Agenda
click on the "Agenda".
This is the first time
that educational conference is presented and it is held in
conjunction with the 53-year-old R&D 100 Awards program. These two
events - over a two-day period at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas -
highlights the great ideas and innovations in technology and science
unveiled by research and development teams in the past 15 months. It
is a celebration of great ideas and new promises - and a unique
opportunity to network with the leaders of the industries who are
making an impact in R&D today.
This conference
encompasses four separate tracks, which focus on areas of R&D that
reflect robust activity, creative innovation and practical
solutions. Presenters include leaders in their fields who will share
new developments, critical information and personal insights. The
tracks include presentations on R&D Strategies & Efficiencies,
Emerging Technologies & Materials, Innovation in Robotics &
Automation, and Instrumentation & Monitoring.
For more information, visit the
R&D 100 link at
http://www.rd100awards.com/speaker/481.
List
of topics covered:
_ Purposes
and drivers of R&D alliances
_ Organizational forma of inter-firm cooperation
_ ROI on strategic alliance
_ Alliance networks and portfolios
_ A pictorial example of alliance network evolution
_ Influence of compositional features of firms' R&D alliance
portfolios on rate of interfirm technological knowledge flow
_ Impact of partners' technological resources and position in R&D
alliance network on firm innovation
_ Effect of R&D alliance governance on firm innovation
_ Role of trust in alliance success
_ A template for efficient alliance formation/management
Abstract of Dr.
Chehroudi's
presentation:
It
is increasingly difficult for any single organization to develop
internally all the capabilities needed to foster new innovations.
Also, in early stages of knowledge development, knowledge tends to
be tacit (i.e., in-depth and highly inter-connected) and dense
(i.e., tightly packed and full of relationships). Hence, we observe
that in industries with expanding complexities, the innovation
trajectories are increasingly found in �networks of R&D alliances�.
Under such an environment, a firm�s success also depends on its
abilities to develop and manage collaborations (specifically, R&D
alliances) to create and apply new knowledge, products and
services. R&D alliances are viewed as channels for transfer of
technological knowledge related to the development of technological
innovations. It is shown that both technological knowledge flow and
factors of firm innovation depend on a number of R&D alliance
dimensions at the relational, portfolio, and network levels of
evaluation. Implications for R&D alliance managers in terms of
alliance partner selection and alliance architecture are presented
Click on the words "Table of
Contents" in the
right image to hear the
introduction to Dr. Chehroudi's
presentation at the 2015 R&D
100 Awards and Conference (high-speed internet access
is recommended):
INTRODUCTION.
Amongst many others, Dr.
Chehroudi has met
Mr. Dean Kamen
(see his detailed achievements at
Wikipedia).
They talked about future possible collaborations in areas of
R&D, innovation, entrepreneurship and other advanced technology related
areas. Dean Kamen is an inventor, entrepreneur, and advocate for
science and technology. He holds more than 440 U.S. and foreign
patents, many of them for innovative medical devices that have
expanded the frontiers of health care worldwide. Dean�s research has
led to a number of ground-breaking technology innovations, including
the Segway� Human
Transporter. In 1989, Kamen founded
FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and
Technology), a program for students to get people interested in
science, technology, and engineering. One competition started and
run by
FIRST is the FRC or FIRST Robotics Competition. In 2011, it held
55 regional competitions around the globe, and one international
competition in St. Louis, MO.
FIRST has gained a great deal of publicity from companies as
well as many universities and colleges. His company
DEKA also
holds patents for the technology used in portable dialysis machines,
an insulin pump (based on the drug infusion pump technology),[10]
and an all-terrain electric wheelchair known as the iBOT, using many
of the same gyroscopic balancing technologies that later made their
way into the
Segway.
The image to the right
is hyperlinked to the 2015 R&D 100 Awards and Technology Conference
Guide which contains short biography of all the invited speakers,
synopsis of their talks, and a list of those who were awarded in
2015.
The Jamestown Sun
newspaper of North Dakota has written an article on Dr. Bruce
Chehroudi, Chair of the Mechanical Engineering at the University of
Jamestown, as an Invited Speaker at the R&D 100 Award and Technology
Conference.
_______________________________________________
On an invitation by
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Dr. Chehroudi
has conducted a three-day seminar on Effective Management
of Research and Development Teams and Organizations in
San Diego, California from November 8 to 10, 2015.
Attendees from
automotive, pharmaceutical, and aerospace industries as well as
national and international government research organizations have
attended this seminar. There were numerous case studies which provided ample
opportunities for the highly-educational interaction amongst the
attendees, directed by Dr. Chehroudi. Attendees are divided into
several teams and engage in a design a R&D division from a
fictitious corporation. After completion of the design phase,
teams discuss and critique each other to enhance intra-team
learning and realize advantages and disadvantages of their
designs. Dr. Chehroudi also provides his comments.
_______________________________________________
ON November 3-4,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi has attended the Family Office Forum
held in Dolder Grand Hotel located in Zurich, Switzerland. The
Dolder Grand Hotel is a spectacular mountain top location,
overlooking the city of Zurich and
its stunning lake. Du ring
the Forum, Dr. Chehroudi had opportunities to meet and have
discussions with fund manager, family office representatives,
venture capitalists, biochemists, invited speakers, and
organizers. These initial discussions are currently
being followed in areas of mutual interest.
 This
Forum, was the annual meeting of more than 160 Family Offices from
all over the world, a truly global and international gathering of
genuine Family Offices held in English. The Principals or
Family Offices were from at least $150 million of assets
(usually much more). These assets were from only one or few families
/ wealth owners, and the Family Office was working for one or few
(not as a solution provider to many 3ed parties). The conference was
also a networking event with all-day-long networking, plus 5
parallel streams to choose from.
The Forum was based on
(1) years of research with over 100 Single and Multi Family Offices,
many UHNWI, plus private banks with UHNWI management, academics, and
partners, (2) the precise whishes and the active support of
Family Offices. The agenda was based on the requirements and
challenges of Family Offices in their day-to-day business, (3) the
long-standing expertise of the partners at Prestel & Partner, in
particular with Family Offices. The genuine interests of Family
Offices were at the core of the Forum.
The Forum offered all participants a platform to exchange
experiences, hear about the latest strategies and discuss them
afterwards. It was the ideal environment to nurture important
relationships and to meet new interesting contacts.
There were sessions in
which invited speakers presented works pertaining to the following topics:
-
Governance & NextGen,
-
Investment Criteria,
-
Asset Management,
-
Real Estate,
Offshore,
-
Oil & Gas, Ships,
-
Family Wellbeing,
-
Philanthropy,
-
collectables,
-
International
Operations,
-
Investing with an
ethical mindset,
-
Agriculture,
Forestry, Infrastructure,
-
New Media,
Technology, Internet,
-
Private Equity,
-
M&A and Venture
Capital,
-
Family Wellbeing and
Education,
-
Hospitality and
Tourism as Investment,
-
BioTech and
HealthCare
_______________________________________________
Dr. Bruce Chehroudi has
accepted an Inaugural Chair position for the Mechanical Engineering Department at the
University of Jamestown, North Dakota, to build the foundation of
the mechanical engineering in this university. In essence, he
will be the "founding chair" of this department. Robert Badal, President of the University of Jamestown, in an
interview stated that "Dr. Chehroudi is a distinguished academic
leader who will build an outstanding program that integrates
engineering studies with our Liberal Arts tradition". A
copy of the University of Jamestown's advertising brochure is shown
here.
Message from the
Chair
Welcome to the
Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) at the University of
Jamestown, an educational institute that has its roots back in the
year 1883. I am delighted that you have decided to visit our
website.
The vision of the
department is to train engineers who aspire to have the ingenuity of
Lillian Gilberth, the problem solving capabilities of Albert
Einstein, the creativity of Pablo Picasso, the determination of the
Write brothers, the leadership abilities of Bill Gates, the
conscience of Eleanor Roosevelt, the vision of Martin Luther King,
entrepreneurial character of Steve Jobs, and the curiosity and
wonder of our grandchildren.
For the academic
year 2016-17, the University of Jamestown will be accepting students
who are interested in pursuing their education towards a bachelor�s
degree in Mechanical Engineering (BSME). Our core curriculum in
Mechanical Engineering is essentially the same as, and in some
respects more enhanced
than, other universities. The curriculum is designed based on a
blend of what satisfies the ABET accreditation committee, surveys
conducted on MIT alumni on skills highly needed at work (such as
teamwork, leadership and entrepreneurship), and University of
Jamestown�s heritage of developing wholeness in its students by
balancing the ideals of the liberal arts tradition and sound
professional preparation. We firmly believe that there is always
room for improvements in anything we do and this rule also applies
to our curriculum design. Hence, through guidance and
recommendations from our Industry Advisory Board (IAB) and other
engineering societies such as American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME),
American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE),
National Academy of Engineering (NAE),
as well as our Alumni, we ingrain a continuous improvement mindset
in everything we do, specifically the ME curriculum.
The curriculum
requires 33 credit units (CU) of mathematics and science courses, 66
CU of core required mechanical engineering courses, 16 CU of general
education, and 6 CU of English and communication courses. To
provide breadth to your ME education, the curriculum requires
minimum of 9 CU of technical elective courses such as Introduction
to Gas Dynamics, Introduction to micro and nanosystems, Propulsion
Systems, Robotics, Renewable and Biologically-Based Energy sources
and systems, and Systems Engineering.
The department is
progressing towards completion of well-equipped specially-designed
laboratories such as instrumentation and measurements,
thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat & mass transfer, propulsion
engines, strength of materials, vibration & control systems,
manufacturing and 3D printing, and robotics laboratories. These
laboratories provide ample opportunities to ME students for hands-on
experiences on a number of advanced technologies and energy systems.
As a chair of the
ME program, I am pleased to share with you our excitement of this
new program that not only embraces well-established mechanical
engineering education (to conceive, design, realize, operate,
maintain, and retire systems) but also reinforces what engineers
need in 21st century (such as soft or professional
skills, communication (orally, electronically, and in writing),
leadership, decision making, innovation, entrepreneurship, moral
compass, ethics and cultural awareness).
Along with the
other members of the faculty, I appreciate your interest in
University of Jamestown�s Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or
would like to engage with us more closely. If you visit the campus,
please visit the department and feel free to drop by my office for a
conversation.
Bruce Chehroudi,
PhD
Professor and
Chair
More news on Dr.
Chehroudi can be found at the following links:
University of Jamestown adds mechanical
engineering major:
http://www.jamestownsun.com/news/local/3876368-uj-adds-mechanical-engineering-major
Mechanical Engineering Brochure 2015 by University of Jamestown - issuu: https://issuu.com/jamestowncollege/docs/mechanical_engineering_brochure_201
Chehroudi University of Jamestown Engineering &
Mathematics Department Chair:
http://csinewsnow.com/?p=79305
Inaugural chair of Engineering and Mathematics
announced:
http://www.newsdakota.com/2015/08/18/inaugural-chair-of-engineering-and-mathematics-announced/
Inaugural chair of engineering and mathematics
at University of Jamestown:
http://article.wn.com/view/2015/08/14/Inaugural_Chair_of_Engineering_and_Mathematics_Named_at_Univ/
Mechanical Engineering brochure of the
University of Jamestown:
https://issuu.com/jamestowncollege/docs/mechanical_engineering_brochure_2015
University of Jamestown adds mechanical
engineering major:
http://staging.grandforksherald.com/news/education/3876876-university-jamestown-adds-mechanical-engineering-major
University Professor Presents at the �Oscars of
Invention:
http://www.newsdakota.com/2016/01/11/university-professor-presents-at-the-oscars-of-invention/
University of Jamestown adds Mechanical
Engineering:
http://www.vivalanka.com/newspage/1548317ai-university-jamestown-adds-mechanical-engineering-major
_____________________________________________
On Monday, October
5-7,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi will
deliver a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection ( GDI),
Troy, Michigan.
This seminar is sponsored by the SAE International.
This is a highly updated version of the seminar introduced in 2010
which, in view of recent market share of GDI Engines, has become a very
popular professional seminar to attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the
seminar is to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, September
21, 2015, Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Combustion and
Emission of Pollutants from Automotive Engines at the Society
of Automotive Engineers facility in Troy, Michigan. Thorough
and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics, gas dynamics, and
combustion chemistry is at the heart of the intelligent approach towards
control of the engine combustion and emission of pollutants. To this
end, Dr. Chehroudi's seminar covers key aspects of the combustion of
the fuel air mixtures for best fuel economy at the lowest emission of
the harmful/regulated pollutants.
The objective of this
seminar is to present adequate information on
combustion in engine and emission of pollutants for gasoline-fueled SI engines
in order to elevate attendee's background knowledge for an
intelligent application and comfortable understanding of the
existing body of knowledge. The presentation style was designed to
be "physical and intuitional" than mathematical and concepts are
promptly related to applications.
These are amongst the
topics discussed: Fuel and impact of fuel composition, air and
volumetric efficiency, application of thermodynamics (energy
balance), equilibrium composition, chemical kinetics, auto-ignition,
Knock, Homogeneously-Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), flame
propagation and effects of fuel and engine operating conditions,
mass fraction burn and heat release analysis, formation mechanisms
for NOx, HC, and CO, alternative fuels, exhaust catalytic treatment
of pollutants, advanced diagnostics, effects of engine design and
operating conditions on performance and emission of pollutants, and
more.
Attendees were from the
following organizations:
- Volkswagen
- Honda R&D
- Toyota
- Ford Motors Company de Mexico
- MTD Products Inc
- General Motors Co
- DENSO International America Inc
- Faurecia Exhaust Systems Inc
- Litens Automotive Group
_______________________________________________
From
September 17 to 18, 2015, Dr
Chehroudi visited the facility of the Armored Auto Group
in Pleasanton, California as a consultant. Representatives from
the R&D, Marketing, and Test/Engineering departments have attended
this technology roadmapping and brainstorming session on a number of
areas of strategic importance to Armored Auto Group. Upon
conclusion, Dr. Chehroudi accepted to act as a consultant on areas
of mutual interest.
Spectrum Brands has purchased the Armored Auto Group.
_______________________________________________
From October 28 to November 3,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi is invited to the SAE 2015 Energy Savings &
Emission Reduction Forum held in Shanghai, China. He will
deliver two seminars on Gasoline Direct Injection engines and
Ignition Issues & Their Impacts on Engine Performance,
Efficiency and Emissions. Topics discussed in these seminars
can be found at the ATC website.
More information including that related to registration can be found
at the following link: www.saeeser.org.
Also, click on the image to the right for viewing the conference
brochure.
_______________________________________________
On November 12-13,
2015, Dr Chehroudi is an
Invited Speaker at the 2015 R&D
100 Awards by the R&D 100 Magazine wher e the 100 most innovative
technologies introduced in the last year are personated. Dr.
Chehroudi will deliver a presentation entitled "The Power of
an R&D Triad: Integrating Creativity, Innovation and
Entrepreneurship
into an Effective R&D Environment". For more information visit the
R&D 100 link at
http://www.rd100awards.com/speaker/481.
Innovation is now
considered a crucial source of competitive advantage for R&D
organizations. Additionally, because innovation is followed by
entrepreneurship to secure the technology-market interface,
entrepreneurship is also a critical source of competitive advantage.
Once creativity is added to the mix of the innovation and
entrepreneurship, we have a triad that needs to be combined with
effective management strategy to build a framework for a successful
R&D organization (or team). In this presentation, attributes
associated with each of these three components are described along
with ingredients necessary for an effective management strategy.
There are also a set of barriers originating from behavioral,
organizational culture, corporate policy, strategy and management
that tend to slow down or even abort the chain of events from
creativity to innovation and finally to entrepreneurship. After an
abridged discussion of a list of barriers, particularly internal to
the organizations, attributes of innovative organizations are
explored and presented.
_______________________________________________
On Tuesday, July 28, 2015, Dr. Chehroudi
attended the
Propulsion and Energy Conference, organized by the
American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) to chair a session
(Teusday, July 28th, 9 am to 12 pm)
on Propellants and Fuels.
 The conference will be held
in Orlando, Florida, USA. Presentations have made from the
following organizations: Digital Solid State Propulsion, LLC,
Moog, Pennsylvania State University, Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, and Texas A&M University.
AIAA-2015-3971
Material Compatibility and Aging Testing for HAN-Based
Monopropellants [K. Gaworski; J. Moore; T. Manship, M.
McPherson, S. Williams]
AIAA-2015-3972
Multi-Injector Impinging Jet Studies of Ignition Delay for Hydrogen
Peroxide and Gelled Hydrocarbon Fuel Containing Reactive or
Catalytic Particles [T. Connell, G. Risha, R. Yetter,; B. Natan]
AIAA-2015-3973
Aging Effects of Composite AP/ HTPB Propellants Containing Nano-
Sized Additives [T. Sammet, A. Demko, C. Dillier, E. Petersen]
_______________________________________________
As a member of the
AIAA Propellant
& Combustion Technical Committee, Dr. Chehroudi
has attended the
committee meeting on Monday, July 27, 2015 in which discussions
were held on issues
pertaining to future technical sessions in AIAA meetings, technical
publications, continuing education, best paper
awards, etc and
decisions are made.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, April
20-22,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi has
delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Engines during
the SAE 2015 World Congress and Exhibition at Cobo Hall, Detroit, Michigan.
This seminar was sponsored by the SAE International.
This is a highly updated version of the seminar introduced in 2010
which has become a very
popular professional seminar to attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the
seminar was to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines. There were heated discussions about the
injector and intake value deposits on GDI engines and some of
the causes and potential remedies were discussed. Representatives
from the following companies have attended.
Chevron R&D
Ford Motor Co
Honda R&D
Ricardo
Energy Technology Group
_______________________________________________
On an invitation by
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Dr. Chehroudi
has conducted a three-day seminar on Effective Management
of Research and Development Teams and Organizations in
Sacramento, California from April 13 to 15, 2015.
Attendees from
automotive, pharmaceutical, and aerospace industries as well as
national and international government research organizations have
attended this seminar. A Table of Content of the seminar is given
here. There were numerous case studies which provided ample
opportunities for the highly-educational interaction amongst the
attendees, directed by Dr. Chehroudi. Attendees are divided into
several teams and engage in a design a R&D division from a
fictitious corporation. After completion of the design phase,
teams discuss and critique each other to enhance intra-team
learning and realize advantages and disadvantages of their
designs. Dr. Chehroudi also provides his comments.
_______________________________________________
On March 15,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi, as a senior member
of the AIAA 2014 Best Paper
selection committee for the Propellant & Combustion Technical
Committee,
has finalized his vote. The process was very well organized, meticulous,
procedurally rigorous, and took several voting sessions at different
stages to converge into the final AIAA Best Paper Award of the year.
The following papers were the candidates for the first position.
-
1. Experimental
and Kinetic Studies of Acetylene Flames at Elevated Pressures (Xiaobo
Shen, Xueliang Yang, Jeffrey Santner, Yiguang Ju � Princeton
University)
-
2. Microspheres
Composite of Nano-Al and Nanothermite: An Approach to Better
Utilization of Nanomaterials (Haiyang Wang, Guoqiang Jian,
Jeffery B. DeLisio, and Michael R. Zachariah � University of
Maryland)
-
3. Minor
Species Measurements in Premixed Cellular Tubular Flames (Carl
A. Hall and Robert W. Pitz, Waruna D. Kulatilaka and Naibo
Jiang, James R. Gord5 � Vanderbilt Univ and Spectral Energies,
and AFRL)
-
4. Gas
vs. Condensed Phase Reactions in Nano- Thermites (Rohit J.
Jacob, Guoqiang Jian, Philip M. Guerieri and Michael R.
Zachariah -- University of Maryland)
-
5. Periodic
Exhaust Flow Periodic Exhaust Flow through a Converging
-Diverging Nozzle Downstream of a Rotating Detonation Engine
Rotating (Brent A. Rankin, John L. Hoke Frederick R. Schauer �
Innovative Scientific Solutions and AFRL)
-
6. Direct
Numerical Simulations of n-Heptane Spray Autoignition in
Methane-air Mixtures Relevant to Dual-fuel Engines (E.
Demosthenous, G. Borghesiy, E. Mastorakosz, R. S. Cantx �
University of Cambridge)
-
7. Several
Fundamental Issues in Large Eddy Simulation of Supercritical
Mixing and Combustion (Hongfa Huo, Xingjian Wang and Vigor Yang
� Georgia Institute of Technology)
-
8. �Virtual�
Smoke Point Determination of Alternative Aviation Kerosenes by
Threshold Sooting Index (TSI) Methods (Francis M. Haas, Allen
Qin, and Frederick L. Dryer � Princeton University)
-
9. Stability
Characterization of a High Pressure Transverse Combustor with
Discretely Variable Oxidizer Post Lengths (Matthew K. Wierman,
W. Zach Hallum, William E. Anderson, and B.L. Austin, Jr.x �
Purdue University and INSpace LLC )
-
10.
Prediction of Spatial Distributions of
Equilibrium Product Species from High Explosive Blasts in Air
(Aaron L. Brundage, Stephen W. Attaway, Michael L. Hobbs,
Michael J. Kaneshige and Lydia A. Boye � Sandia National
Laboratory)
-
11. Characterization
and Analysis of Plain Jet Injection of Liquid Alternative Fuels
Into a Crossflow (Christopher T. Brown, Ulises M. Mondragon, and
Vincent G. McDonell � Energy Research Consultants)
-
_______________________________________________
On Tuesday, March 10,
2015, Dr. Chehroudi was invited to
Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, to conduct a two-day
presentation. Dr. Chehroudi has presented his views
pertaining to the
effects of gasoline fuel composition, renewable fuels, and additives
on combustion efficiency, emission of pollutants, and
performance of automotive engines. Below is a preliminary
table of contents of the presentation. Presentation was followed
by a consulting session exploring areas of mutual interest and
future collaboration.
DAY ONE
� Historical evolution of
Reciprocating IC Engines
� Some terminologies
� What is Combustion
� Fuels
_Pure hydrocarbon fuels classifications
_Gasoline fuel / diesel fuel composition analysis
_Fuel blending components
_Renewable fuels and their use in gasoline and diesel fuels
_Understanding fuel distillation
_What is a fuel vapor pressure and vapor lock?
_Drivability Index
_List of some important gasoline ASTM test methods
_List of Important fuel properties and preliminary
descriptions
� Air
� Stoichiometric or theoretical Air/Fuel (A/F) MASS ratio &
equivalence ratio
� How can we get A/F by examining the exhaust gases? And why?
� Cylinder-to-cylinder variability
� Understanding 1st law of thermodynamics or Energy Balance
� Adiabatic flame temperature, its meaning and applications
� What is heating value of a fuel?
� Chemical equilibrium composition and its comparison with exhaust
gases
� Energy balance (1st law) applied in an engine
� Combustion efficiency: definition, meaning, and significance
� Understanding Chemical Kinetics
� Catalytic reaction in the catalyst
� Autoignition and its importance to both gasoline- and
diesel-fueled engines
� HCCI Engine: The Net Big Thing
� Knock and impacts of fuel properties on Octane Number (ON) /
Cetane number
� Effects of some fuel, design, and operating parameters on ON
Requirement (ONR)
� Flame and laminar flame burning speed
� Effects of some additives, fuel composition & other parameters on
flame burning speed
� Role of turbulence in engine and its impacts on fuel burning speed
� Cylinder pressure measurement and its analysis as combustion
diagnostics
� What is cyclic variability and why it is important?
DAY TWO
� Health impacts of engine emissions
� Emission of major regulated pollutants
� Hydrocarbon emission mechanisms in SI engines
� NOx formation in engines and role of EGR
� Residual burned gas fractions in engines
� Effects of some parameters on emission & fuel economy
_A/F ratio
_Compression ratio
_Chamber surface-to-volume ratio
_Spark timing
_Injection timing (PFI)
_Number of spark plugs (faster burning)
_Running lean versus EGR
_Valve overlap, timing, and lift
_Cooling system
_Stroke/bore ratio
_Swirl and tumble (Turbulence: faster burning)
_Alternative fuels
_Fuel properties (Distillation properties)
_Fuel Effects on emissions
_Origin, composition, and properties
_Requirements of engine technologies
on fuel quality
_Additives
_Influence of gasoline quality on
emissions
_Trends in gasoline specifications
developments
_H2 addition
_______________________________________________
On Monday, March 2-4, 2015, Dr. Chehroudi presentd a three-day seminar sponsored by the United States Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE), Troy, Michigan, on Advances
in Combustion and Emission of Pollutants from engines used for
automotive industry.
Topics revolved
around advanced combustion technologies to simultaneously improve
fuel economy and bring down the engine-out emission of regulated pollutants.
There has been a series of lectures and discussions to understand the
rationale behind these advanced technologies.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, Jul 28,
2014, Dr Chehroudi's proposal for a new professional seminar on
Liquid Atomization, Sprays, and Fuel Injection in Gas Turbine
Engines has been approved by the Propellant and Combustion Technical
Committee of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(AIAA).
Atomization of liquids is at the heart of
operations of many of the devices we use on a daily basis. From our
shower in the morning (water atomization at the shower head), to
liquid-fueled engines in ground transportation (gasoline and diesel
engines), to gas turbine in airplanes/power stations and rocket
engines. Other areas such as electrostatic car-body spray painting,
agricultural crop spraying, ink jet printing, pharmaceutical
nebulizers, spray drying, and chemical liquid rockets, are just a
few examples of the very wide applications of the liquid spray
production technology. 
In the aerospace industry, the engine thrust,
efficiency, and the emission levels are directly related to the
performance of the liquid fuel injector designs. For this reason,
R&D activities in this area have intensified in the past two decades
in a quest to design and operate efficient and low-emission gas
turbine engines. It is imperative then individuals involved in
research, design, and operation have the requisite knowledge and
training to choose intelligent and innovative approaches when it
comes to liquid fuel nozzle and its optimum performance.
This seminar is about understanding the
processes of liquid atomization and spray formation and relating
this understanding to fuel injection systems and emission of
pollutants in modern engines. The approach in this course is to
build sufficient background through introduction of a consistent
and widely-used terminology in sprays and atomization.
Justifications, reasons, and purposes of the liquid atomization and
spray formation are discussed along with presentation of different
designs of atomizers and nozzles employed in various industries.
Characterization methods of sprays are discussed after the
definition and meaning of different averaged liquid droplet
diameters are touched. Droplet size measurement devices are covered
and examples are shown. Armed with these critical background
information, the focus of the course is then heavily directed to
gas turbine fuel nozzle designs and their performance requirements
for optimum engine operation with lowest possible emission of
harmful pollutants.
Learning Objectives:
-
Understand and be familiarized with important
terminology commonly used in atomization and sprays
-
Gain a general physical understanding of the
important processes in atomization and spray formation
-
Possess adequate background and foundation to
educate yourself beyond the depth and topics covered
-
Be able to intelligently judge, adapt, and,
transfer technological advances from one discipline to the
other
-
Understand effects of fuel nozzle design and
operating conditions on engine performance, combustion and
emission of pollutants
-
Be able to communicate intelligently with
engineers working on fuel nozzle and fuel system design aspects
in your company
-
Grasp the technology and the logic behind
different injector designs
-
Gain sufficient knowledge to intelligently
contribute to human being's efforts in minimizing emission of
pollutants and maximizing efficient usage of earth's energy
resources
-
Anticipate future trends and technology
developments in fuel nozzles
-
Learn and appreciate the role the fuel
nozzles play in combustion and emission and how it is used to
provide guidance in design of low-emission combustion systems
-
Effectively contribute to the design of the
critical engine components affected by the fuel nozzle
performance
Day
1
-
Description
of the Atomization Process
-
Disintegration of the liquid jets
-
Disintegration of liquid sheets
-
Drop breakup
in air flow, turbulent flow, and viscous flow
-
Types of
Atomizers and their design
features
-
Spray drop size distribution and measurements
-
Drop and spray evaporation
Day 2
-
Fuel spray in the
combustor confines
-
Spray flame in gas
turbine combustors
-
Spray flame stabilization
-
Effects of fuel nozzle
design and operating parameters on spray characteristics and
combustor performance
-
Effects of fuel nozzle
design and operating parameters on emission of pollutants
-
Matching of Fuel spray
with the combustor
-
Fuel nozzles for Lean
Direct Injection
-
Advanced concepts
_______________________________________________
On Monday, January
5-7, 2015, Dr. Chehroudi will be attending the
SciTech 2015 Conference, organized by the
American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) to chair a session
(Monday, Jan 5th, 9:30 am to 12:30 am)
on Sprays and Droplet Combustion. The conference will be held
in Kissimmee, Florida, USA. Presentations will be made
from the following organizations: California Institute of
Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Cornell University,
University of Buffalo, Naval Air Force Research Laboratory
(Aerospace Systems Directorate), Argonne National Laboratory,
Imperial College London, University of Florida (Gainsville),
Mississippi State University.
AIAA-2015-0162. A priori and a
posteriori analyses of multi-species turbulent mixing layers at
supercritical-p conditions. [Giulio Borghesi; Josette R. Bellan]
AIAA-2015-0163. Simulation of
Subcritical Primary Atomization in a Rule-Based CFD Framework Using
Stochastic Modeling. [Siddharth S. Thakur; Mrinal Kumar; Edward
A. Luke]
AIAA-2015-0164. Ray tracing analysis
of realistic atomizing jet geometries for optical connectivity
applications. [George Charalampous; Nikolaos Soulopoulos; Yannis
Hardalupas]
AIAA-2015-0165. Exploration of Gas
Phase Properties in Aerated-Liquid Jets Using X-Ray Fluorescence.
[Kuo-Cheng Lin; Campbell D. Carter; Stephen K. Smith; Alan
Kastengren]
AIAA-2015-0166. Modeling the Diffusion
to Kinetically Controlled Burning Transition of Micron-Sized
Aluminum Particles. [Brian T. Bojko; Paul DesJardin]
_______________________________________________
As a member of the
AIAA Propellant
& Combustion Technical Committee, Dr. Chehroudi
will be attending the
committee meeting on Monday, January 5, 2015 in which discussions
will be held on issues
pertaining to technical publications, continuing education,
organizing the technical sessions in AIAA conferences, best paper
awards, etc and
decisions are made.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, November
24, 2014, Dr. Chehroudi will make a presentation in the
2nd International Conference on Ignition for Gasoline Engines,
Berlin, Germany. The title of his presentation is"Light-Activated
Volumetrically-Distributed Ignition of Lean Gaseous Fuel/Air
Mixtures for HCCI Engines Using Nanostructured Materials". The
Abstract of this paper is given below:
Strict and precise control of the
autoignition process is at the heart of the HCCI engine operation
and the central technology barrier being addressed here through a
hitherto-nonexistent and innovative light-activated
volumetrically-distributed ignition technology. Based on the
test results so far, this new ignition method is now considered as a
potential enabling technology for volumetric and distributed
ignition of liquid fuel sprays as well as gaseous fuel-air
mixtures with the lowest incident power intensity possible. This
means remote and spatial ignition of th charge within any desired
and adjustable region inside the cylinder defined by the shape of
the light from a pulsed light source. Test results indicated that
average intensities in between 10 to 150 W/cm2 are
required for ignition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
This is a factor of 80 less than anything relevant reported in the
literature. Results from a premixed gaseous fuel-air mixture in a
cylindrical combustion chamber, comparing a spark plug with the
light-activated volumetrically-distributed ignition of SWCNTs,
confirmed the author�s patented original concept and showed that a
truly on-demand activation of the autoignition process for the
homogeneously-charged compression-ignition (HCCI) engine is
feasible. Faster (but adjustable) fuel-air mixture burn rate
reaching up to a factor of 3 has been demonstrated for distributed
ignition under lean fuel-air mixture as compared with that of a
conventional electric-discharge spark ignition system. A
preliminary single-cylinder engine study tends to suggest
feasibility in an operating engine.
Dr. Chehroudi's presentation can be
viewed by clicking on the following title:
Light-Activated Volumetrically_Distributed Ignition of Lean Gaseous
Fuel/Air Mixtures for HCCI Engines
_______________________________________________
On Monday, October 6,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi delivered a 3-day seminar on Effective
Management of R&D Teams and Organizations, held in Atlanta,
Georgia. The
seminar was sponsored and organized by the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Attendees were quite diverse
from automotive, oil & gas, aerospace, and pharmaceutical
industries. There have been several modifications
incorporated this time. Attendees in three groups of 2 or 3
individuals went through an exercise in which they all had to create
an new and/or modified R&D division within their companies
with the annual budget of at least 50 million dollar.
The following components had to be discussed
1. R&D strategy (using
the procedure discussed)
-Architecture (where?)
-Processes (how?)
-People (who?)
-Portfolio (what?)
2. How R&D strategy is integrated with the corporate strategy
3. Personnel (attributes, recruiting, number, etc)
4. Budget (> $50 mil)
5. Ideation process
_______________________________________________
On Monday, September
8, 2014, Dr. Chehroudi was invited as a consultant to UCI-FRAM
Group, Orion Township,
Michigan, for an in-house presentation on Gasoline Direct Injection.
The presentation was focused on an overview of the GDI
technology and how fast it is evolving, future penetration and
substitution of the conventional multi-port fuel injection
system. During this visit, Dr. Chehroudi met with director of
engineering and product design and several senior managers.
Also, there were discussions as to ATC's engagement modes in
UCI-FRAM Group's future interest entering into the GDI market.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, August 18,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Combustion and
Emission of Pollutants from Automotive Engines at the Society
of Automotive Engineers facility in Troy, Michigan. Thorough
and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamics and chemistry of
combustion is at the heart of the intelligent approach towards
control of the engine combustion and emission of pollutants. To this
end, Dr. Chehroudi's seminar covers key aspects of the combustion of
the fuel air mixtures for best fuel economy and lowest emission of
the harmful and regulated pollutants.
The objective of this
seminar was to present adequate information on
combustion and emission of pollutants for gasoline fueled SI engines
in order to elevate attendee's background knowledge for an
intelligent application and comfortable understanding of the
existing body of knowledge. The presentation style was designed to
be "physical and intuitional" than mathematical and concepts are
promptly related to applications.
Representatives from the
following companies attended this seminar:
_Ford Motor Co de Mexico
(Powertrain Calibration Division)
_John Deere & Co (Senior engineers)
_PDVSA Intevep (Research & Development on Fuels)
_Chevron Products Technology (Senior Research Staff)
_University of Michigan_ Dearborn (Graduate student)
_TARDEC
_Detroit Diesel Corp (Engineering, Performance, and Emissions)
_Brazilian Army
_______________________________________________
On Monday, August 11,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi has delivered an Invited Presentation at
the Federal Aviation Administration,
FAA William J. Hughes Tech Center,
Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey.
The
topics presented were targeted towards the combustion and emission of the next
generation of the fuels to be used in the aircraft engines. Dr.
Chehroudi was given a tour of the facilities such as engine
research laboratory and fire research and investigation laboratory.
There were several meetings in which Dr. Chehroudi had the
opportunity to speak with the director of the laboratory and other
key senior personnel. Avenues for possible future
collaborations in areas pertaining to fuels and combustion were
explored.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, July 28,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi attended the
AIAA Propulsion
and Energy Forum and Exposition in Cleveland, Ohio. He has
also
been an invited Session Chair for the Spray Combustion (PC-04
session) on Monday from 2:30 pm to 6:00 pm. There have been
five presentations from around the world on
topics such as sub-grid models for liquid fueled turbulent
combustion, LES/FMDF on spray flames, experimental study on the
characteristics and factors of UDMH single droplet combustion,
supercritical pseudo-boiling and its relevance to transcritical
injection, aluminum particles in composite propellants, etc. For
more details click on the image shown to the right and then click on
the Agenda. The following researchers presented
their works:
1430 hrs: AIAA-2014-3569. On The TFNS
Sub-Grid Models for Liquid-Fueled Turbulent Combustion. N. Liu, T.
Wey, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH.
1500 hrs: AIAA-2014-3570.
Experimental study on the droplet evaporation process and influence
factors Y. Ting, Academy of Equipment, Beijing, China.
1530 hrs: AIAA-2014-3571.
Supercritical Pseudo-Boiling and its Relevance for Transcritical
Injection, D. Banuti, K. Hannemann, German Aerospace Center (DLR),
G�ttingen, Germany.
1600 hrs: AIAA-2014-3572. Performance
Prediction of Apogee Attitude and Orbit Control Thruster for MMH/NTO
Hypergolic Bipropellant, Z. Lianbo, X. Xu, Beihang University,
Beijing, China.
1630 hrs: AIAA-2014-3573.
Agglomeration characteristics of aluminum particles with changing
pressure in AP/AN composite propellants, K. Takahashi, S. Sakai, M.
Nakagaki, T. Sasaki, T. Kuwahara, Nihon University, Funabashi,
Japan; T. Shimada, Japan, Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),
Sagamihara, Japan.
_______________________________________________
As a member of the
AIAA Propellant
& Combustion Technical Committee, Dr. Chehroudi attended the
committee meeting on Monday July 28, 2014 in which discussed issues
pertaining to technical publications, continuing education,
organizing the technical sessions in AIAA conferences, best paper
awards, and technical liaison-ship (on air breathing propulsion
systems, gas turbine engines, solid/liquid rockets, high-speed air
breathing propulsion, and standards on CFD) were discussed and
decisions made.
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi was an Invited
Speaker at the First International Workshop 2HE
on
�Strategies and Perspectives for Research on Human Health and
Environment� hosted at the Universita Del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
The workshop is sponsored by the Union Europea (Fondo Europeo di
Sviluppo Regionale), PON Ricerca e Competitivita,
Ministero dell Istruzione dell Universita e della Ricerca, Ministero
della Sviluppo Economico, and the Uniersita del Salento. June 26-27,
2014.
The tiitle of Dr. Chehroudi�s talk
was: �Nanotechnology,
Graphene, and a Select Number of Applications in Fuel Energy�.
Abstract:
Nano-science (and �technology) refers
to understanding (and applications) of material behavior at the 10
to 100 nm range length scale. The modern advent of this
science/technology is usually marked with a lecture delivered by the
Noble laureate Richard Feynman in 1959 titled �There is Plenty of
Room at the Bottom�. Since then, there have been tremendous
progresses in a large number of directions using products
manufactured, and information learned, from nanoscale materials.
Nano-science is truly a multidisciplinary subject which has
penetrated into a large number of other areas/applications such as
medicine, pharmaceutical, dentistry, textile, sports, automotive,
computers, and energy, to name a few. In this talk, a select number
of applications of knowledge learned at the nanosized range are
briefly discussed in the context of fossil fuel production. The aim
is to demonstrate the great potential of nanostructured materials in
petroleum refining industry, contributing towards efficient
production of fuels and thereby of different forms of energies. In
particular, the catalytic role they play is of paramount importance,
especially considering that energy producers are switching to
ever-heavier fossil feedstocks (heavy oil, tar sands, shale oil, and
coal) while the supply of light petroleum feedstock (high in
hydrogen and low in sulfur and nitrogen) is rapidly depleting.
Applications of nanostructured materials in naphtha reforming,
hydrotreating (or hydrodesulfurization), conversion of syngas
(Water-gas shift and Fisher-tropsch), and use of graphene/carbon-nanotubes
in combustion are presented. The following is the Table of Content
of the talk:
Nano-science & -technology
Nanotechnology & energy: some applications
Nanostructured materials in fuel/propellants
Metallic nanoparticles
Carbon nanotubes (CNT)
Graphene oxide applications in fuels/propellants
Experimental tools used
Petroleum Refining
Cracking
Naphtha reforming
hydrocracking
Hydrotreating
Conversion of syngas
Water-gas shift (WGS): CO + H2O
--> CO2 + H2
Fisher_Tropsch synthesis (FTS): CO + H2
--> HC + H2O
Methanation
Methanol synthesis
Conclusions
_______________________________________________
On July 8-10, 2014
Dr Chehroudi is an invited Session Speaker at the
1st International
Symposium on Energy Challenges and Mechanics held in
Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
The subject of his talk will be on the application of nanotechnology
in ignition and combustion of fuels in engines. His talk will
be in the Energy Conversion and Fuels session. His talk is titled
"Volumetric Ignition Control for HCCI Engines Using Nanostructured
materials and Light". For more details click on the image at
right.
__________________________________________
On Monday, May 19-21,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi has
delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan.
This seminar was sponsored by the SAE International.
This is a highly updated version of the seminar introduced in 2010
which has become a very
popular professional seminar to attend amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objective of the
seminar was to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in direct injection
spark ignition engines.
The following
companies had their representatives present during the seminar:
_Lubrizol Corp
_Synerject LLC
_Honda R&D
_BASF Corp
_JE Piston Inc
_______________________________________________
On Tuesday, May 6,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi paid an invited visit to the Mechanical
Engineering Department of the University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, British Columbia. Dr. Chehroudi was hosted by
Prof. Pat Kirchen for a tour of the engine research laboratory and
other related test setups. In particular, two projects were
highlighted in which natural gas was directy injected into the
chamber and pilot ignited by a diesel fuel. The objective of one of
the projects was to redesign a single-cylinder engine for
optical access to perform optical diagnostics such as spectroscopic,
LDV, PIV, etc.
Dr. Chehroudi also
delivered a presentation titled "Distributed-Ignition Lighter:
An Enabling Technology for Controlled Autoignition in HCCI Engines".
He has shown some recent results on this novel ignition strategy and
discussed the technology roadmap for this ground-breaking invention.
A broad range of applications of the phenomenon was also presented
and potential future success of each was assessed.
_______________________________________________
On March 31 to April
2, 2014, Dr. Chehroudi has presented his perspective and
experiences on Management of Research and Development teams and
organizations in Portland, Oregon. The program was
sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME).
Managing the productivity and excellence of an R&D
organization offers a unique set of problems and unusual challenges.
This uniqueness arises from two basic facts: (1) the character of
the enterprise, and (2) the highly-specialized, articulate, and
autonomous people involved in R&D.
This seminar explains how managing an R&D
organization is largely an art of integrating the efforts of
diverse, creative, intelligent, and independent individuals. It will
offer a concise, yet effective, overview of the management issues
and their solutions. The ideas presented in this course consist of
the work of a multitude of experts and focus on ways to improve
the productivity of R&D. It is designed to bring the attendees to a
stage where they can apply this information and to foster excellence
and innovation in their R&D organization.
For more information
please visit:
http://www.asme.org/products/courses/research-and-development-management
__________________________________________
On Monday, March 3,
2014, Dr. Chehroudi delivered a 3-day professional education seminar
at the Society of
Automotive Engineers
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan. He presented a
comprehensive view of the combustion in IC engines and
ways/means to reduce emission of pollutants while simultaneously
improving engine fuel economy. Attendees also had initial discussions on
several possible projects in which Dr. Chehroudi could play as a
consultant.
Representatives from the
following companies attended this seminar:
_Tenneco
_MTD Consumer Products
_Faurecia (Emission Control Technologies)
_______________________________________________
Dr Chehroudi was
invited to the ARAMCO facility on Feb 27, 2014, Houston, Texas to
discuss his ideas on R&D and technology management for advanced
research and technology teams within multinational corporations. He
shared his successful approaches used in the past, specifically on
application of nanotechnology in energy and automotive industries.
Additionally, discussions revolved around how to develop a robust
short, medium, and long term forecasts for overall fuel efficiency
gains in the passenger and commercial fleets, as well as outlooks
for the penetration of non-petroleum fuelled vehicles (such as
natural gas or electric vehicles), focusing on key automotive
markets. Also discussed were status of automotive markets and road
transport activities in key demand centers, as well as policy
changes and other important events that may affect automotive fuel
economy in the future.
_______________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi was an
invited Keynote Speaker at the 2nd Conference on R&D and Technology
Managers, Innovation Management, held on Feb 17-18, 2014
in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. Dr. Chehroudi delivered a one-hour
Keynote Presentation titled "Management of Innovation in R&D"
in which he discussed the following topics:
Components required for
an R&D organization,
R&D return on investment;
Distinction between
inventor, innovator, and entrepreneur;
Motivations to understand
innovation;
What is meant by creative thinking and attributes of
such individuals;
Creativity and innovation implementation;
What is
meant by team innovation;
Team-level creative personality and impact
of team composition;
Importance of the climate for innovation and
its four dimensions;
A proposed framework for innovation in R&D;
Two
innovative R&D examples
one on construction and
the other on a
synergy between nanotechnology, light energy, and chemical reaction.
Dr. Chehroudi
also participated in a panel discussion on ways and means of strengthening the innovation
process from the idea to commercialization.
He was also invited to
the Petroleum Institute to deliver a half-a-day presentation on Management of R&D Teams and Organizations.
He was jointly
hosted by Dr. Omid Fadaeimanesh (CEO of the Fadaeimanesh Consulting
and Education Group) and Mr. Tajbakhsh (CEO of the Hamayesh Tejarat
Parsian).
_______________________________________________
Gas Turbine Emission
Dr. Chehroudi's
expertise in emission of pollutants on gas turbine engines has been solicited by the
American institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) to
review a book titled Gas Turbine Emissions, edited by Tim Lieuwen
and Vigor Yang, published by the Cambridge University Press. It is to be
polished by the AIAA Journal soon in 2014.
Read the 2-page review:
Gas Turbine Emissions Review
Download the full review of the
Gas Turbine Emission
Review from ATC site.
_______________________________________________
On December 9, 2013,
Dr. Chehroudi visited the Chrysler Group LLC at Auburn Hills,
Michigan to deliver a 2-day invited seminar on
Ignition in
Internal
Combustion Engines and its impacts on engine combustion, emission ,
and performance. During this seminar Dr. Chehroudi
presented the following topics:
_A Short background on
combustion in spark ignited (SI) engines
_Ignition fundamentals
_Spark ignition
_Four phases of spark ignition
_Effects of some key parameters
_Alternative ignition methods (Corona, Plasma-jet, Flame-jet,
Activated-Radical)
_Diagnostic and control opportunities (Cylinder pressure, A/F ratio,
knock, misfire, mass fraction burned, etc)
_Ignition systems for highly-diluted mixtures
_Conclusions
_______________________________________________
On November 25, 2013,
Dr. Chehroudi attended the
American Physical Society's 66th Annual
Meeting, Division of Fluid Dynamics, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
He also chaired a session on
Reacting Flows Experiments
in which the following research works were presented:
1. Experimental
investigation of laboratory fire whirls, by Katherine Hartl and
Alexander Smits, from Princeton University.
2. Laser diagnostic mapping of temperature and soot statistics in a
2-m diameter turbulent pool fire, by Sean Kearney, from SANDIA
National Laboratory.
3. Experimental investigation of boundary layer flashback in swirl
flames, Dominik Ebi and Noel, Clemens.
4. Oscillatory flame reponse in acoustically driven fuel droplet
combustion, by Brett Lopez, Cristhian Sevilla, Takeshi Shoji, Ari
Ekmekji, Owen Smith, and Ann Karagozian, from UCLA.
5. Similariyu and scaling of turbulent flame speeds for expanding
premixed flames, by Fujia Wu, Abhishek Saha, Swetaprovo Chaudhuri,
Sheng Yang, and C. K. Law, from Princeton University.
6. Structure and dynamics of a reacting jet in a swirling vitiated
crossflow, by Pratikash Panda, Mario Roa, and Robert Lucht, from
Purdue University.
7. Construction and characterization of a shock tube for ignition
and pollutant formation studies, by Cory Prykull, Robert Dreiker,
Marcos Fernandes, Mazen Eldeeh, Ben Akih-Kumgeh, from Syracuse
University.
8. Schlieren imaging of chemically-induced flow instabilities during
step-growth polymerization, by Patrick Bunton, Michael Rawat, Simone
Stewart, Anne De Wit, John Poiman.
For more information
see:
http://www.apsdfd2013.pitt.edu/ or
http://www.aps.org/units/dfd/meetings/meeting.cfm?name=DFD13 .
_________________________________________________
On November 18-20,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi has presented his perspective and
experiences on Management of Research and Development teams and
organizations in San Diego, California. The program was
sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME).
Managing the productivity and excellence of an R&D
organization offers a unique set of problems and unusual challenges.
This uniqueness arises from two basic facts: (1) the character of
the enterprise, and (2) the highly- specialized, articulate, and
autonomous people involved in R&D.
This seminar explained how managing an R&D
organization is largely the art of integrating the efforts of
diverse, creative, intelligent, and independent individuals. It also
offered a concise, yet effective, overview of the management issues
and their solutions. The ideas presented in this course consist of
the work of a multitude of experts and focused on ways to improve
the productivity of R&D. The seminar is designed to bring the attendees to a
stage where they can build upon and apply the information
disseminated and to foster excellence
and innovation in their R&D organization.
Attendees were from the
following organizations:
_Honda R&D Americas,
Inc, USA:
http://www.hondaresearch.com/
_The Linde Group:
http://www.linde.com/en/index.html
_The Office of Naval Research:
http://www.onr.navy.mil/
_Micro Encoder Inc. :
http://www.microen.com/
For more information
please visit:
http://www.asme.org/products/courses/research-and-development-management
_________________________________________________
On Monday, August 19,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi delivered a 3-day professional education seminar
at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan. He
presented a comprehensive seminar on
Combustion and Emission of
Pollutants for engineers to enhance physical, chemical, and
engineering aspects of combustion in internal combustion engines.
This seminar is one of the longest-lasting and most popular activity
with people attending from a variety of industries possessing
a broad range of background and expertise.
Representatives from the
following companies attended this seminar:
_Ford Motor Co De Mexico
_Umicore Autocat USA Inc
_Dresser-Rand Enqinuity
_Environment Canada
_Auto & Vehicle Manufacturing Technology
_Ford Motor Company
_Walbro Engine Managemnet
_BorgWarner Turbo & Emission Systems
_Mercedes Benz
_______________________________________________
On Monday, August 12,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi has submitted a Book Review on
Nanotechnology to the Journal of Nanotechnology in
Engineering and Medicine Journal. The title of the book reviewed is
"Diamondoid
Molecules: With Applications in Biomedical Materials Science,
Nanotechnology and Petroleum Sciences," by Mansoori et al.,
ISBN-10:9814291609, Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and
Medicine Journal. (To appear soon). Read the review by clicking on
the title of the book.
_______________________________________________
On Monday, August
5-7,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi has
delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan.
This seminar was  sponsored by the SAE International. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular professional activity amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objectives of the
seminar were to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate your
background knowledge for intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge.
The following
companies had their representatives present during the seminar:
_Mercedes Benz R&D North
America
_Ford Motor Company, Mexico
_OshKosh Corp
_Infineum USA LP
_Denso
_______________________________________________
On July 8 to July 12,
Dr. Chehroudi is planned to present two of the SAE's most
popular seminars on Combustion and Emission of pollutants and
Gasoline Direct Injection Engines in Ramada Parkside Hotel, Beijing,
China. For more information,
click here.
_______________________________________________
On June 20th, 2013,
Dr. Chehroudi was an Invited Speaker at the Singapore
University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Department of
Systems Engineering & Product Development to present and discuss
author�s perspectives for management of innovation and creativity in
new product development, particularly during the early stages of the
ideation process, and how design education at the university level
can be improved to train 21st century multidisciplinary engineers
addressing the current and future needs of the world and industry.
The presentation also addressed administration and management of an
engineering department, in particular, mechanical engineering. The
content of the talk addressed issues and effective approaches for
administrative philosophy, leadership style, key to effective
leadership/management, recipe for organizational success, the 21st
century engineer and engineering needs, skills engineers need to
pursue, teaching assessment and effectiveness,
conceive-design-implement-operate engineering education methodology,
strategic planning for the engineering department, and ABET
accreditation., June 18-20, 2013.
_________________________________________________
On Monday, May 20-22,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi has
delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan.
This seminar was sponsored by the SAE International. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular professional activity amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
The objectives of the
seminar were to present adequate information on combustion and
emission of pollutants for GDI engines in order to elevate
attendee's
background knowledge for an intelligent application and comfortable
understanding of the existing body of knowledge in the field.
Additionally, the seminar is about
�Understanding� and it is �Liquid Sprays�, �Combustion� and
�Emissions� in the context of the GDI engines. Note that combustion
and emission are so intertwined and interrelated that when we speak
of combustion, in a sense, we are covering critical aspects of
understanding emission of pollutants. As the seminar is about
understanding combustion and the underlying reasons/origins of the
regulated emission of pollutants, sufficient background on liquid
atomization and combustion fundamentals is important. It is only
through such a foundation that one can comfortably grasp the causes
of pollutants formations and effects of design and operating
parameters. The presentations/discussions on liquid atomization and
combustion are to provide adequate background and precondition the
attendees for a better understanding of the GDI engine combustion
and emission issues.
The following
companies had their representatives present during the seminar:
_Mercedes Benz R&D North
America
_Standard Motor Products Inc
_Benteler Automotive Corporation
_Infineum USA LP
_Kennametal Inc
_PF Marine
_Unifrax 1 LLC
_BASF Corporation
_________________________________________________
On Monday, April 22,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi has given an invited presentation at
Department of Energy (DOE) Sandia Combustion Research Facility (CRF)
in Livermore, California. He has shared his views of R&D
management to a group consisting of R&D manager, and research
principal investigators. The purpose was to explain Dr. Chehroudi's perspective on effective management of R&D teams and
organizations. He has presented a select sample of six past
medium- to large-scale R&D projects he managed to explain effective
means for producing award-winning, highly-valuable, and
successful outcomes of national and international importance. The
projects were liquid fuel spray and DISC engine,
swirl-stabilized combustor for gas turbine engines,
interacting-sprays for simultaneous soot and NOx reduction,
supercritical combustion in cryogenic rockets, combustion
instability, and finally on a synergy amongst nanotechnology,
optics, and chemical reaction.
_________________________________________________
On Monday, March 11,
2013, Dr. Chehroudi delivered a 3-day professional education seminar
at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan.
This seminar is one of the longest-lasting and most popular activity
with people attending from a variety of industries possessing
a broad range of background and expertise.
Combustion is a key
element of many of modem society�s critical technologies. Electric
power production, home heating, ground transportation, spacecraft
and aircraft propulsion. and materials processing all use combustion
to convert chemical energy to thermal energy or propulsive force.
Although combustion, which accounts for approximately 80 percent of
the world�s energy usage, is vital to our current way of life, it
poses great challenges to maintaining a healthy environment.
Improved understanding of combustion will help us deal better with
the problems of pollutants, atmospheric change and global warming,
unwanted fires and explosions, and the incineration of hazardous
wastes. Despite vigorous scientific examination for over a century,
researchers still lack full understanding of many fundamental
combustion processes. the following shows a partial list of key
areas discussed with reference to many applications in design and
engineering of relevant components:
_Distillation curve for
fuels and its importance
_Distinction between "overall" A/F and cylinder-based, or local A/F
_Black-box operation of the "oxygen sensor" and its purposes
_Equivalence ratio and "lambda"
_Adiabatic flame temperature and its physical meaning/importance
_Heating value
_Combustion efficiency
_Equilibrium and chemical kinetics
_Concept of "mechanism" of overall reaction
_The nature of (heterogeneous) catalytic reaction on surfaces
_Flame propagation
_Laminar burning speed
_Effects of turbulence on flame propagation
_Effects of residual burned gases (or EGR) on Flame propagation
_Impact of multiple spark plugs on flame propagation
_Cylinder pressure measurements and its behavior
_Effects of spark timing (advance/retard) on cylinder pressure
_Mass fraction burned curve & heat release analysis
_Autoignition and Knock in SI engines
_Physical meaning of "specific heat"
_Cyclic variability and how it is quantified
_Effects of design and operating conditions on combustion & emission
of pollutants
Attendees were from the
following corporations:
_Denso
_Mahle
_Powerteq
_Ford
_General Motors
_Chrysler
_Volkswagen
_________________________________________________
On Wednesday,
February 27, 2013, Dr. Chehroudi delivered a 90-minute invited
presentation on Management of Innovation in R&D environment. This
event was hosted by the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Here is a
summary of the talk:
Innovation is now
considered a crucial source of competitive advantage for R&D
organizations. Additionally, because innovation is followed by
entrepreneurship to secure the technology-market interface,
entrepreneurship is also a critical source of competitive advantage.
Once creativity is added to the mix of the innovation and
entrepreneurship, we have a triad that needs to be combined with
effective management strategy to build a framework for a successful
R&D organization (or team). In this presentation, attributes
associated with each of these three components are described along
with ingredients necessary for an effective management strategy.
There are also a set of barriers originating from behavioral,
organizational culture, corporate policy, strategy and management
that tend to slow down or even abort the chain of events from
creativity to innovation and finally to entrepreneurship. After an
abridged discussion of a list of barriers, particularly internal to
the organizations, attributes of innovative organizations are
explored and presented.
The Table of Content of this talk is presented below:
�Components
required for an R&D organization
�R&D
Investment and innovation
�R&D
return on investment
�Inventor,
Innovator, and Entrepreneur (or Intrapreneur)
�Why
understanding innovation is important?
�Creative
thinking
�Creativity
and innovation implementation
�Team
innovation
�Team-level
creative personality and team composition
�Climate
for innovation and its four dimensions
�A
framework for innovation in R&D
�Conclusions
_________________________________________________
On Thursday, January
10, 2013, Dr. Chehroudi, jointly with Prof. Hukam Mongia,
chaired the Advanced Concepts II and IC Engines session of the 51st
AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizon Forum and
Aerospace Exposition in Grapevine (Dallas / Ft. Worth Region), Texas
at Gaylord Texan Hotel and Convention Center. The following authors
presented their works in this session.
PC-14. Advanced Concepts II and IC Engines
Chair(s): Hukam Mongia (Purdue University) and Bruce Chehroudi
(Advanced Technology Consultants)
9:00 AM - 12:00 PM; Grapevine 4
View Session Details
9:00 AM - 9:30 AM AIAA-2013-1044. Medium Pressure Emissions of a
Multipoint Low NOx Combustion System
Rodrigo Villalva Gomez; Brian J. Dolan; David E. Munday; Ephraim J.
Gutmark; Gregory Zink; Spencer Pack
9:30 AM - 10:00 AM AIAA-2013-1045. Numerical-Experimental Research
of Ultra Compact Combustors containing Film and Effusion Cooling
Alejandro M. Briones; Hugh J. Thornburg; David Burrus; Balu Sekar;
Craig Neuroth
10:00 AM - 10:30 AM AIAA-2013-1046. Effect of Centrifugal Forces on
Flame Stability in an Ultra-Compact Combustor
Viswanath R. Katta; David L. Blunck; Mel Roquemore
10:30 AM - 11:00 AM AIAA-2013-1047. Direct Numerical Simulation of
Exhaust Gas Recirculation effect on autoignition of an HCCI
stratified turbulent flow field for DME/Air mixture at high
pressure: NO effect
Hossam El-Asrag; Yiguang Ju
11:00 AM - 11:30 AM AIAA-2013-1048. Effect of Nitrogen Dilution on
the characteristics of HCCI Combustion
Ko Sato; Taro Yamauchi; Yuuki Sorimachi; Mitsuaki Tanabe
For more details see:
https://www.aiaa.org/Secondary.aspx?id=13220
_________________________________________________
On
January 7, 2013, Dr. Chehroudi was invited to the Toyota Technical &
R&D Center at Ann Arbor, Michigan, to conduct a seminar on
current state and advanced in Gasoline
Direct Injection Engines. As
part of the visit, he has met powertrain design and
calibration group members and managers and had discussions
about their current and immediate needs on Toyota direct injection
engine calibration.
_________________________________________________
On October 29-31,
2012, Dr. Chehroudi has
delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct Injection at the SAE
Professional Education Center, Troy, Michigan.
This seminar was sponsored by the SAE International. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers. The following
companies had their representatives present during the seminar:
_Shell Global Solution
Inc
_Sandvik Materials Technology
_Hi-Vol Products
_For Motor Co
_Honda Manufacturing of Alabama LLC
_Ricardo Inc
_Hyundai Motor Co
_Mercedes-Benz R&D NA Inc
_Kia Motors America Inc
_Southwest Research Institute
_Ford Motor Co de Mexico
_BRP US Inc
_Petrobras
_________________________________________________
On September 17-19,
2012,
Dr. Chehroudi was an invited speaker at the international Powertrains, Fuels & Lubrications Meeting, Malmo, Sweden. The title of his work was Activation and Control of
Autoignition in HCCI Engine Using Volumetrically-Distributed
Ignition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Paper
no. 12FFL-0052,). For more
details see
http://www.sae.org/calendar/techsess/198611.pdf. The
Abstract of the work is given below. Also, a recording of the
presentation can be found at
https://www.dropbox.com/s/x1tvu34qkvbdemk/Chehroudi_Distributed%20Ignition_HCCI.mp4
(click on the link, then use the Download button at the upper right
corner to download the file first and then play. Otherwise, the end
of the presentation is truncated for an unknown reason being
investigated).
The discovery that
nanostructured materials exhibit properties different than their
bulk materials provided many exciting opportunities with
technological applications. One such opportunity is the observed
ignition of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with an
ordinary camera flash. In this paper, light-activated ignition
characteristics of the as-produced SWCNTs (50 wt% iron nanoparticle
content) with a camera flash are presented. The primary objective
of this work is to use nanostructured materials as means for
distributed (or volumetric) ignition and improved combustion in
propulsion systems. Important examples are homogeneous-charged
compression ignition (HCCI) engines, liquid rocket fuel sprays, and
enhanced flame stabilization in gas turbine engines. The idea was
originally proposed by the author in April 2003 and the first patent
filed in July 2004 following a series of initial investigations.
Based on these and additional tests, this new ignition method is now
considered as a potential enabling technology for volumetric and
distributed ignition of liquid fuel sprays or gaseous fuel-air
mixtures with the lowest incident power intensity possible. This
means remote and spatial ignition within any desired and adjustable
region defined by the shape of the light from a pulsed light source.
Average intensities in between 10 to 150 W/cm2 are
required for ignition of SWCNTs. This is a factor of 80 less than
cases where lasers (pulsed and continuous wave (cw)) are used in
coal particles. Results acquired in a premixed gaseous fuel-air
mixture in a cylindrical combustion chamber, comparing a spark plug
with the light-activated distributed ignition of SWCNTs, confirmed
the patented concept and showed a truly on-demand activation
of the autoignition process for HCCI engine applications.
Faster fuel-air mixture burn rate reaching up to a factor of 3 has
been demonstrated for distributed ignition under lean mixture as
compared with a conventional spark ignition system.
_________________________________________________
On September 6, 2012,
and by invitation, Dr. Chehroudi has made an invited presentation
entitled "Basic and Applied Research in Coal Utilization for
Electric Generation" to the faculty of the engineering
department at University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa and to
officials from Eskom company. The following is the table
of content of the presentation:
_Coal usage in South Africa
_Portfolio of coal fired stations
_Various options for clean coal
utilization
_NO & NO2 chemistry
_Need for improved coal utilization technology
_Basic research needs
_NOx reduction strategies in burner design
_Sub-scale burner research
_Pilot-scale furnace studies
_Basic & applied research roadmap
_The ash situation
_Supercritical research
_Carbon nanotubes and ignition enhancements
_________________________________________________
On August 13-17, 2012,
Dr. Chehroudi has been an invited speaker to deliver a 2-day seminar on
Understanding
Combustion and Emission for Engineers and a 3-day seminar on
advances in Gasoline Direct Injection at the SAE 2012 Summer
Technology Week in Tianjin, China.
These seminar are specially tailored for engineers and are continually updated to serve the need of the
professional engine design engineers, engine calibrators,
researchers, and educators. The attendees are generally from a very
broad range of backgrounds which provides a unique and rich
environment where networking and exciting discussions take place.
The following companies had
representatives in the seminar:
_Volvo R&D China
_Great Wall Motor Co. Ltd
_Afton Chemical
_Delphi Powertrain Systems
_asimco Technologies
_Sensata Technologies
_Tianjin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute
_Johnson Matthey Asia
_Honeywell Turbo
_JMC
_MPSA
For more information
Click on the image, or visit
www.sae.org/events/itw/2012SummerTechnologyWeek_English.pdf
or
www.sae.org/events/itw/2012SummerTechnologyWeek_English.
_________________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi has
attended, and chaired a session, at the 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE
Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (JPC), July 30- August 1, 2012, in
Atlanta, Georgia, USA. He has chaired a
session on Fuels and Propellants on Tuesday, July 31, 2012.
In this session, recent R&D works pertaining to experimental and
computational aspects of fuels/propellants used in gas turbine and
liquid rocket engines are discussed.
Participants were from
_Purdue
University,
_University of Central Florida,
_University of Naples,
_German Aerospace Center (DLR),
_Air Force Research Lab,
_Georgia
Institute of Technology,
For more details see
FinalTechnicalProgram_JPC_IECEC12_24Jul.pdf or
FinalTechnicalProgram_JPC_IECEC12_24Jul.
_________________________________________________
1. On
July 23, 2012, Dr. Chehroudi was invited to the Toyota Technical &
R&D Center at Gardena, California to conduct a seminar on
current state and advances in gasoline direct injection engines.
During this visit, Dr. Chehroudi met with senior manager and
discussed R&D issues specific to the business unit and
explored avenues of future collaborations both in technical and
management areas. Also, he was given a comprehensive tour of
the facility including test cells, special-purpose
laboratories, engineering offices, and other related areas. At the
conclusion of the visit Dr. Chehroudi will prepare a proposal to be
submitted within a couple of month mapping his views and vision for
collaborative efforts. This is envisioned to be a starting point for
further discussion to converge to a mutually accepted
interaction.
_________________________________________________
On July 3, 2012, Dr.
Chehroudi's expertise in areas of energy conversation systems was
solicited as an Invited Reviewer by the
National
Agency for the Evaluation of University and Research Institutes (ANVUR)
and as a member of a panel to evaluate Italian research system
production in the period 2004-2010. Prof. Dr Ing Francesco
Martelli prepared this invitation.The evaluation procedure was based
on a mix of bibliometric analysis and peer review of research
products. Each panel member was asked to review documents for which
he/she was responsible to peer review who are experts in the field
of each document.
The evaluation process
has an enormous importance for the Italian research community and
the success of this exercise mainly depends on impartiality and
timeliness of reviewers.
Areas assigned:
Turbomachinery, Energy, Energy System & Power Plants, 2012.
_________________________________________________
On June 20, 2012,
Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct
Injection at the Politecnico Campus at Lingotto, Turin, Italy. This seminar was sponsored by the SAE International. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
Click on the image for more details.
_________________________________________________
On June 19, 2012, Dr.
Chehroudi was an Invited Speaker and Consultant for
the Texas A&M University in Qatar, Department of
Engineering, to present and discuss author�s perspectives for
effective administration and management of an engineering
department, in particular, mechanical engineering. The content of
the talk addressed issues and effective approaches for
administrative philosophy, leadership style, key to effective
leadership/management, recipe for organizational success, the 21st
century engineer and engineering needs, skills engineers need to
pursue, teaching assessment and effectiveness,
conceive-design-implement-operate engineering education methodology,
strategic planning for the engineering department, and ABET
accreditation. Finally, he reviewed pillars of the TAMUQ strategic
plan and further discussed as to how his vision and
recommended recipes can directly address such important
strategic goals and objectives.
_________________________________________________
On June 11, 2012, Dr.
Chehroudi's Invited Review article on Liquid Rocket Engines (LRE)
has been published in the online section of the
International Journal of Aerospace Engineering. This short review
article entitled "Recent
Experimental Efforts on High-Pressure Supercritical Injection for
Liquid Rockets and Their Implications".
Dr. Chehroudi started
working on this large-Reynolds-number jet injection program under
high-pressure supercritical condition in or about 1998, when most researchers were
experimenting with droplet injection under high-pressure environment. His vision from the outset was to
conduct a research that not only provides fundamental physical
understanding of the problem but also offers valuable information for design
engineers and CFD code writers. Leading this research, Dr.
Chehroudi essentially replicated his already-established creativity
and innovation in design of experiment and research to provide
high-quality and award-winning information which stood
the test of time and was later reconfirmed by others. For example,
for the first time in the literature, he clearly and
quantitatively demonstrated that supercritical circular jets
grow similar to incompressible but variable-density
shear layers. His ground-breaking physical model published
later was the first and the only one in the literature
spanning from subcritical to supercritical conditions. He also
was the first to use fractal analysis
for supercritical shear layers showing that fractal dimensions of
the supercritical jets was within the same range of values as
gaseous jets. Hence, although liquid phase is being injected at the
injector exit plane (subcritical injector exit temperature), the
growth rate is similar to gaseous jets. Having liquid rocket
combustion instability in mind, he then investigated interaction of
acoustic waves and jets under both subcritical and supercritical
conditions, providing initial insight into differences in response
of such jets. He extended his work into coaxial jets similar to the
ones used in space shuttle main engine (SSME) and Ariane engine. His
technical leadership and guidance in coaxial jets under sub-
and supercritical conditions resulted in his team providing valuable
and one-of-the-kind information as to the nature of
these jets and how they enhance mixing. This work evolved into
investigation of acoustic wave and coaxial jet interactions
providing penetrating and enlightening explanation
of some of the key design and operational practices engineers have
been using for liquid rocket injector designs for combustion
stability. He later published his Unified Injector
Sensitivity Theory, attempting to link results from
(single-, coaxial-, and impinging-) jets, subscale rockets, and
full-scale production rockets in a coherent and innovative manner.
The theory is supported by the a majority of relevant and
available data in the literature. This review article essentially
presents highlights of his more than ten years of
award-winning technical leadership. He is pleased to
acknowledge all members of his team, including creative technicians
and those who provided financial and human resources and trusted, as
well as believed in, his vision and
physical intuition.
The following
is the table of content and abstract of the work.
� Abstract
� Introduction
� Single jet
o Without External Excitation
o With External Excitation
� Coaxial jet
o Without External Excitation
o With External Excitation
� Impinging jets
� Implications for Combustion Instability
� Conclusions
� References
ABSTRACT
Pressure and
temperature of the liquid rocket thrust chambers into which
propellants are injected have been in an ascending trajectory to
gain higher specific impulse. It is quite possible then that the
thermodynamic condition into which liquid propellants are injected
reaches or surpasses the critical point of one or more of the
injected fluids. For example, in cryogenic hydrogen/oxygen liquid
rocket engines, such as Space Shuttle main engine (SSME) or Vulcain
(Ariane 5), the injected liquid oxygen finds itself in a
supercritical condition. Very little detailed information was
available on the behavior of liquid jets under such a harsh
environment nearly two decades ago. The author had the opportunity
to be intimately involved in the evolutionary understanding of
injection processes at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL),
spanning sub- to super-critical conditions during this period. The
information included here attempts to present a coherent summary of
experimental achievements pertinent to liquid rockets, focusing
only on the injection of nonreacting cryogenic liquids into a high
pressure environment surpassing the critical point of at least one
of the propellants. Moreover, some implications of the results
acquired under such an environment are offered in the context of
the liquid rocket combustion instability problem.
_________________________________________________
On June, 2012,
Ms. Hooshmand was interviewed by the Business TV.
BTV Business
Television interviews Investment Team Leader from Advanced
Technology Consultants, to gain insight on the importance of
weighing risk versus reward in the markets
_________________________________________________
On May 24, 2012, Dr. Chehroudi has presented the latest results from his
patented On-Demand Volumetrically_Distributed of Autoignition
using Single Walled CarbonNanotubes (SWCNTs) at the FEV Inc, North
American Technical Center, 4554 Glenmeade Lane, Auburn Hills, MI
48326-1766. Dr. Chehroudi met with Dr. Marek Tatur,
Director of Operation, and Dr. Dean Tomazic, Vice President of
Engine Performance and Emission Division to discuss possible
opportunities for joint venture on ideas presented by Dr. Chehroudi
and their applications in HCCI engines.
_________________________________________________
On May 21, 2012,
Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Understanding
Combustion and Emission for Engineers at the SAE office in Troy, Michigan.
This seminar is specially tailored for engineers and is one of the
most popular seminars ever introduced by the SAE nearly 15 years
ago. The seminar is continually updated to serve the need of the
professional engine design engineers, engine calibrators,
researchers, and educators. The attendees are generally from a very
broad range of backgrounds which provides a unique and rich
environment where networking and exciting discussions take place.
Only through a good
foundation in combustion is that one can comfortably grasp the
causes of pollutants formations and effects of design and operating
parameters. The presentation of the material in this seminar is
"physical and intuitional" and concepts are immediately related to
applications. Mathematical manipulations are left out in the
two-volume reference notes and those interested can go from A to Z
of the derivations. The emphasis is mostly on the main assumptions
used to model the real-world phenomena, principles and laws of
nature used, and finally on physical interpretations and
applications of the terminal outcomes of the analyses and/or
experimental results. For example, and amongst many others,
the following topics are discussed:
�Distillation
curve for fuels and its importance
�Distinction
between "overall" A/F and cylinder-based, or local A/F
�Black-box
operation of the "oxygen sensor" and its purposes
�Equivalence
ratio and "lambda"
�Adiabatic
flame temperature and its physical meaning/importance
�Heating
value
�Combustion
efficiency
�Equilibrium
and chemical kinetics
�Concept
of "mechanism" of overall reaction
�The
nature of (heterogeneous) catalytic reaction on surfaces
�Flame
propagation
�Laminar
burning speed
�Effects
of turbulence on flame propagation
�Effects
of residual burned gases (or EGR) on Flame propagation
�Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition Engines (HCCI)
�Impact
of multiple spark plugs on flame propagation
�Cylinder
pressure measurements and its behavior
�Effects
of spark timing (advance/retard) on cylinder pressure
�Mass
fraction burned curve & heat release analysis
�Autoignition
and Knock in SI engines
�Physical
meaning of "specific heat"
�Cyclic
variability and how it is quantified
�Mechanisms of pollutants formations in engines
�Effects of
design and operating parameters on efficiency and emission of
pollutants
Attendees affiliations:
_Synerject LLC
_US Army TARDEC
_Isuzu Manufacturing Services Inc
_John Deere Power Systems (Mexico)
_Wiseco Piston Co, Environment Canada
_Sud-Chemie Inc / Clariant
_Navistar Engine Group
_BASF, Borg Warner
_Eberspaecher North America Inc
_Roush Industries Inc
_Ford Motor Co
_Environment Canada
_Caterpillar
_________________________________________________
On May 15, 2012, Dr.
Chehroudi has delivered an invited 3-day seminar on Combustion and
Emission of Pollutants at Intertek Carnot Emission Services, San
Antonio, Texas. The seminar was specially tailored to
current needs of the corporation in building a solid
foundation in applied combustion and its applications in internal
combustion engines. In particular, the interest was in formation of
pollutants and ways and means such species can be controlled either
through innovative in-cylinder measures or aftertreatment of
engine-out emission of such pollutants.
_________________________________________________
On April 23, 2012,
Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct
Injection at the SAE International Conference and Exhibit in Detroit, Michigan. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular amongst R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
Attendees'
affiliation:
_British Petroleum (BP),
_BCIT School of Transportation,
_Wayne State University,
_Mahle Motorsports,
_Tampel Steel Company,
_Honda R&D America Inc.
_________________________________________________
On April 16-18,
2012, Dr. Chehroudi has presented his perspective and
experiences on Management of Research and Development teams and
organizations in Portland, Oregon. The program was
sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME).
Managing the productivity and excellence of an R&D
organization offers a unique set of problems and unusual challenges.
This uniqueness arises from two basic facts: (1) the character of
the enterprise, and (2) the highly-specialized, articulate, and
autonomous people involved in R&D.
This course will explain how managing an R&D
organization is largely the art of integrating the efforts of
diverse, creative, intelligent, and independent individuals. It will
offer a concise, yet effective, overview of the management issues
and their solutions. The ideas presented in this course consist of
the work of a multitude of experts and focuses on ways to improve
the productivity of R&D. It is designed to bring the attendees to a
stage where they can apply this information and to foster excellence
and innovation in their R&D organization.
For more information
please visit:
http://www.asme.org/products/courses/research-and-development-management
_________________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi has
attended, and chaired a session, at the 59th Aerospace Sciences
Meeting, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA),
January 9-12, 2012, in Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
He has chaired a
session on Liquid Rocket Propulsion on Thursday, January 12, 2012.
In this session, recent R&D works pertaining to experimental and
computational aspects of liquid rocket engines are discussed.
Participants were from Air Force Research Lab, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Air Force Institute of Technology, INSA
Rouen, Saint-�tienne-du-Rouvray, France, University of the German
Federal Armed Forces, Munich, Germany, Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA), Chofu, Japan. For more details see
http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=230&lumeetingid=1964 or
http://www.aiaa.org/events/asm/ASM%202012%20Event%20Preview.pdf
or Download the program at
http://aiaa-masm12.abstractcentral.com/societyimages/aiaa-masm12/AIAA-MASM12_Program_Matrix_NEW.pdf.
_________________________________________________
As a member of the AIAA Propellant &
Combustion Technical Committee, Dr. Chehroudi attended the committee
meeting on January 9, 2012 in which discussed issues pertaining to technical
publications, continuing education, organizing the technical
sessions in AIAA conferences, best paper awards, and technical
liaison-ship (on air breathing propulsion systems, gas turbine
engines, solid/liquid rockets, high-speed air breathing propulsion,
and standards on CFD) were discussed and decisions made.
_________________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi attended the Seventh
Annual Livingston Nanotechnology Conference, Manhattan, NY,
December 7, 2011. In this conference he discussed some of his ideas
to enhance innovation in applications of nanotechnology to
automotive and aerospace industries and how to modify current and
next generation of undergraduate education incorporating knowledge
accumulated in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
_________________________________________________
An Invited
Review article by Dr. Chehroudi on use of
nanostructured materials (specifically carbon nanotubes
and graphene) for what he named as "light-activated
volumetrically-distributed ignition" has been
published at the Recent Patents on Space Technology Journal.
This article presents details of a program Dr. Chehroudi
started from its initial idea generation phase to feasibility and to
full fledged multi-year program formation stage funded by the Air
Force
Office of Scientific Research.
ABSTRACT
The discovery that a nanostructured
material behaves differently than the bulk material opened the door
to many exciting opportunities. One such opportunity is the observed
ignition of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a camera
flash. In this paper, results from distributed ignition of fuels
with SWCNTs are presented which motivated further investigation of
dry SWCNT samples. Consequently, a major part of the paper focuses
on ignition characteristics of SWCNTs with an ordinary camera flash.
A preliminary result from graphene sheets is also presented. The
primary objective of this work is to use nanostructured materials as
means for distributed ignition and combustion improvement in
propulsion applications. Examples are homogeneous-charged
compression ignition (HCCI) engines, liquid rocket fuel sprays, and
enhanced flame stabilization in gas turbine engines. The idea was
originally proposed by the author in April 2003 and the first patent
filed in July 2004 after initial investigations. Based on tests
conducted so far, this new ignition method is considered as a
potential enabling technology for volumetric and distributed
ignition of liquid fuel sprays and gaseous fuel-air mixtures with
the lowest incident power intensity possible. This means remote and
spatial ignition within any desired region defined by the shape of
the light from a pulsed light source. In this paper, effects of
incident pulsed-light exposure duration and wavelength between
350-1500 nm on minimum ignition energy (MIE), effects of sample
physical compression (i.e., packing) on ignition characteristics,
and the impact of iron (Fe) nanoparticle content in dry (no fuel)
SWCNTs samples are presented. Initial measurements of the sound
pressure level (SPL) from the photoacoustic phenomenon as well as
ignition of graphene oxide are also presented. It appears that the
wavelength of the illumination source does not play an important
role as compared to the flash duration, at least within the range
studied here. Data suggests that a lower energy-per-pulse is needed
to initiate ignition when a shorter flash pulse duration is used.
For example, only 30-35 mJ/pulse is required at pulse width of
~0.2ms to initiate ignition of the as-produced fluffy samples in
standard air, whereas at 7ms duration, it needs 80-90 mJ/pulse . For
lightly-compressed samples, MIE trend remains unchanged and similar
to that of the as-produced batches; otherwise, it increases with the
level of the compression. Samples with Fe (metallic nanoparticle)
content as low as 18% by weight can be ignited in air with a camera
flash. Averaged intensities between 10 to 150 W/cm2 are required for
distributed ignition of SWCNTs. This is a factor of 80 less than
cases where lasers (pulsed or cw) are used in coal particles.
However, graphene oxide required much higher input energy, a
disadvantage to keep in mind in applications.
_________________________________________________
On November 14-16,
2011, Dr. Chehroudi has presented his perspective and
experiences on management of research and development teams and
organizations in Orlando, Florida. The program was
sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME).
Managing the productivity and excellence of an R&D
organization offers a unique set of problems and unusual challenges.
This uniqueness arises from two basic facts: (1) the character of
the enterprise, and (2) the highly-specialized, articulate, and
autonomous people involved in R&D.
This course will explain how managing an R&D
organization is largely the art of integrating the efforts of
diverse, creative, intelligent, and independent individuals. It will
offer a concise, yet effective, overview of the management issues
and their solutions. The ideas presented in this course consist of
the work of a multitude of experts and focuses on ways to improve
the productivity of R&D. It is designed to bring the attendees to a
stage where they can apply this information and to foster excellence
and innovation in their R&D organization.
For more information
please visit:
http://www.asme.org/products/courses/research-and-development-management
_________________________________________________
On October 13, 2011,
Dr. Chehroudi has been invited to Volkswagen facility in Puebla,
Mexico to present a work on the future of combustion
engines. His work was on an innovative idea to
control autoignition in HCCI engines using his Patented
light-activated distributed ignition technology. The title of
the presentation was "Forget Spark Plugs, Run Your Engines with
Carbon Nanotubes". Attendees were director of the product
development, design engineers, and other senior managers.
_________________________________________________
On October
12,
2011, Dr. Chehroudi presented a three-day invited seminar at a
workshop jointly organized by the Department of Industrial
and Automotive Engineering of the Universidad Popular
Aut�noma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP) and Volkswagen in Puebla,
Mexico. Attendees were from variety of industries.
Topics were focused on understanding combustion and emission
of harmful and regulated pollutants as well as conventional
and advanced technologies to simultaneously improve fuel
economy and reduce environmental pollutants from engines.
Dr. Chehroudi was also interviewed by the Director of Engineering
at VW probing into current research and future trends in engine
design for high efficiency and minimal adverse environmental
impacts.
_________________________________________________
On September 19-20,
2011, Dr. Chehroudi has presented a work in Munich, Germany,
during the Global Powertrain Congress, titled "On-Demand
Activation of Autoignition in HCCI Engines Using Distributed
Ignition of Carbon Nanotube" on application of nanotechnology
in combustion and in particular pertaining to HCCI engine for
application in automotive industry. Below is the Abstract of this
work:
ABSTRACT
The discovery that nanostructured materials behave differently than
their bulk materials opened the door to many exciting opportunities.
One such opportunity is the observed ignition of single-walled
carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a camera flash. Here, ignition
characteristics of SWCNTs with an ordinary camera flash is
presented. The primary objective of this work is to use
nanostructured materials as means for distributed ignition and
improved combustion in propulsion applications. Examples are
homogeneous-charged compression ignition (HCCI) engines, liquid
rocket fuel sprays, and enhanced flame stabilization in gas turbine
engines. The idea was originally proposed by the author in April
2003 and the first patent filed in July 2004 after initial
investigations. Based on these and additional tests, this new
ignition method is now considered as a potential enabling technology
for volumetric and distributed ignition of liquid fuel sprays or
gaseous fuel-air mixtures with the lowest incident power intensity
possible. This means remote and spatial ignition within any desired
region defined by the shape of the light from a pulsed light source.
Averaged intensities between 10 to 150 W/cm2 are required for
ignition of SWCNTs. This is a factor of 80 less than cases where
lasers (pulsed and cw) are used in coal particles. Results by
others, acquired in a premixed gaseous fuel-air mixture in a
cylindrical combustion chamber, comparing a spark plug with the
light-activated distributed ignition of SWCNTs, confirmed the
patented concept and showed on-demand activation of the autoignition
for HCCI engine applications. Faster burn rate reaching up to a
factor of 3 has been shown for distributed ignition under lean
mixture as compared with conventional spark ignition.
_________________________________________________
On August 25, 2011,
Dr. Chehroudi delivered a presentation at Chrysler Technology
Center, Auburn Hills, Michigan, on applications of
nanotechnology in automotive industry for distributed ignition based
on his two patents. Subsequent to the presentation there were
discussions on how an engine prototype can be tested with this
groundbreaking ignition technology.
_________________________________________________
On August 22, 2011,
Dr. Chehroudi has delivered a 3-day seminar on Gasoline Direct
Injection at the SAE office in Troy, Michigan. This is a
new seminar he introduced in 2010 and has become a very
popular with R&D/application engineers, researchers, technical
managers, regulators, and policy makers.
Attendees'
affiliation:
_Cummins Power Generation,
_Exxon Mobile Research & Engineering Co,
_Ford Motor Co, Honda R&D America Inc,
_Hyundai Motor Co,
_John Deere
Product Engineering,
_Northern Illinois University,
_Southwest
Research Institute,
_Synerjet,
_Volvo Penta,
_Wiseco Performance
Products, and
_Engine Engineering (Mexico).
_________________________________________________
On July 18, 2011, Dr.
Chehroudi has conducted a 3-day seminar on combustion and emission
of pollutants in engines at the SAE office in Troy, Michigan. Attendees
were from the following corporations: Dresser-Rand, Petrobras,
Navistar, Hatci, Denso International, BRP Inc, Ford Motor Co de
Mexico, Honda R&D Americas Inc, Continental, Chrysler Group LLC, and
Kohler Co. He also held several consulting meetings on July 21
with some of his clients in Detroit area.
_________________________________________________
On July 13, 2011, Dr.
Chehroudi has been amongst a select few who attended a special
"Lunch with CEO" event held in honor of
Mr. Sergio Marchionne, CEO, Fiat S.P.A. and Chrysler Group
LLC at the Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce (SACC) in Zurich. After
the lunch, Mr. Marchionne delivered an inspiring speech titled
"Leadership and Change as a Fast Track to Growth" sharing with
audiences his journey and experiences in rescuing
Chrysler from liquidation. His strategy and vision for
the future are quite impressive and pave the way to even more
stellar achievements by the companies he is leading as the Chief
Executive Officer.
Dr. Chehroudi had the
honor of meeting Mr. Marchionne face to face, shake his hand, and
explain to him his portfolio of activities particularly in
automotive industry. Specifically, he explained his
ground-breaking idea on a patented light-activated distributed
ignition using a synergy between nanotechnology, optics, and
chemical reactions. He also submitted an executive summary
for a business plan and a roadmap for possible joint venture with
Mr. Marchionne's group. Towards the end, Mr. Marchionne was given a special
gift from the SACC, see the picture below and also at the following
link:
http://www.amcham.ch/events/content/110713_fiat_500_amcham.pdf .
To listen to
Mr. Sergio
Marchionne's talk click on any one of the images (a
high-speed internet access is highly recommended)
_________________________________________________
On Januray 2011, Dr. Chehroudi's
invited contribution to liquid rocket propulsion has been
published by John Wiley and Sons in a new
Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering.
The chapter title is Liquid Propellants and
Combustion: Fundamentals and Classifications. This chapter
discussed liquid propellants and their combustion aspects. Here is a
select paragraph from this publication:
Liquid rocket engines burn propellants,
which undergo chemical rea ctions to convert the stored chemical
energy into thermal energy. A liquid propellant can be an �oxidizer�
(e.g., liquid oxygen (LOX)), a �fuel� (e.g., kerosene or hydrogen),
or a �monopropellant� (e.g., hydrogen peroxide or hydrazine). The
latter can be thought of as a combination of a fuel and an oxidizer.
In a �bipropellant� engine, two different liquid propellants
(oxidizer and fuel) are stored separately and, when needed, are
injected into the thrust chamber. In a �monopropellant� engine, a
single propellant releases energy without needing to be mixed with
another propellant. This often happens in presence of a catalyst.
�Cryogenic� propellants require very low temperatures to be stored
in the liquid form. For example, at atmospheric pressure hydrogen
becomes a liquid at −252 ◦C and oxygen becomes a liquid at−183 ◦C.
Insulation and venting of storage tanks are important in this case.
�Earth storable propellants� refer to propellants that can be stored
in the liquid form at room temperature for an extended period of
time. Similarly, �space storable propellants� are those that can be
stored in the liquid form in space. Ammonia is an example. Tables 1
and 2 show commonly used propellants and their applications in
different rockets.
More information
can be found clicking on the image.
_________________________________________________
Dr. Chehroudi's proposed theory of combustion instability in
cryogenic liquid rocket engine has been published in a AIAA Journal
of Propulsion and Power under the title of "Physical Hypothesis for
the Combustion Instability in Cryogenic Liquid Rocket Engines".
The work is culmination of
more than 10 years of R&D and
intellectual wrestling with the long-lasting problem led by Dr. Chehroudi and his coworkers. In this paper, he offers a fresh and
new perspective, paving the way towards a better understanding of
this technologically-complex problem. For detailed information refer
to the following link:
http://pdf.aiaa.org/preview/CDReadyMASM09_1811/PV2009_237.pdf.
Here is an abstract of
the work:
In this
work, the author would like to portray a sketch of a
fluid
dynamical picture to describe the coupling nature/strength between
the chamber acoustics and the injectors. This new perspective is
achieved through a physically intuitive argument combined with
previously published test results for two popular injector designs,
namely, coaxial and impinging jets. For the impinging jet injectors,
it is shown that the dynamic behavior of the dark-core (or breakup)
zone for each jet, their lengths and thicknesses, has a profound
impact on injector sensitivity to disturbances in its surrounding.
This information is used to offer a possible explanation for the
trends seen on the Hewitt stability plot in impinging jet injectors.
A copy of the paper can be downloaded at the following link:
Physical
Hypothesis for the Combustion Instability in Cryogenic Liquid Rocket
Engines.
_________________________________________________
On December 15, 2010,
a new professional education seminar is introduced
to the automotive industry.
Here is a part of the Introduction section for this seminar:
Gasoline Direct Injected Engines
The quest for an even
more efficient, smarter, and environmentally-cleaner
liquid-fueled spark ignition (SI) reciprocating engine than
the current multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) SI engines is
more alive and intense now than ever before. In this effort
the GDI SI engines have an important and special place. Some
background information is of value to facilitate the
understanding of the operation and potentials of the GDI
engines. The history of the fuel/air mixture preparation
system in SI engines starts with the carburetor units
positioned in the intake system just prior to the throttle
valve which itself is connected to the driver accelerator
foot-pedal for manual load (or engine output torque and
power) changes in these engines. For many years this served
the purpose until the race for the higher performance, more
fuel efficient, and cleaner-burn engine intensified that led
to the MPFI SI engine design. In this design, an
electronically-controlled fuel injector is used per each
cylinder for fuel metering and targeting of the sprays
towards the intake valves. In MPFI engines the amount of
fuel injected can be independently controlled from the air
flow and the replacement of the carburetor unit by the port
injectors itself caused a better breathing capability (or
higher so-called volumetric efficiency) of the engine
leading to higher output torque and power levels. Higher
volumetric efficiency means that each cylinder of the engine
can bring more mass of air thereby providing the potential
and opportunity for more fuel introduction and hence higher
chemical energy release per cycle delivering a higher engine
torque. In contrast, diesel engines use direct liquid fuel
injection into the cylinder and rely on autoignition of the
fuel itself with no external ignition sources such as spark
plug or any other means. The load in these engines are
varied by changes in the amount of the fuel injected and
there are no throttle valves in the intake system.
Therefore, the pumping work, a negative work or energy
needed to pump air in and burned gases out of the cylinders,
are nearly zero for diesel engines whereas it changes from a
maximum value, at idle throttle valve position, to a
negligible amount under full load at wide open throttle (WOT)
valve position in SI engines. Note that the net indicated
output work of an engine is equal to the total work during
the compression and expansion strokes minus the pumping
work. Pumping work is also referred to as throttling work
losses in the automotive literatures. The absence of the
throttling work losses (as a result of the lack of the
throttle valve) for the direct injection (DI) diesel engine
is also one significant advantage of the GDI engine design.
This provides an opportunity for improvement in specific
fuel consumption (SFC) over the current MPFI engines. In a
sense a GDI engine is like a DI diesel engine but with a
suitably-positioned spark plug and a gasoline fuel, instead
of the easily auto-igniting diesel fuel, in-cylinder
injection system. In practice, some degree of throttle
control is usually required for GDI engines, compromising
the SFC improvement potential.
1 Chehroudi,
B., Knock in SI engines, Powertrain International, Vol. 1,
No. 1, p. 6, 1998.
_________________________________________________
On August
6-7, 2010, Dr. Chehroudi has been an invited speaker at
a workshop organized jointly by the University Svizzera Italiana
(USI), the Embassy of Sweden, and the Camera Di Commercio
Cantone Ticino, on Internationalization and Management of
Government & Industry Joint R& D. Dr. Chehroudi presented
his work on Applications of Nanostructured Materials in Propulsion
Systems. A special invitation was sent by the honorable Per
Thoresson, Swedish Ambassador, to a select list of participants for
this workshop. Professor Maurice Campagna, from Ecomomiesuisse
Science and Education (Former SVP R&T ABB), has originated the
idea and steadfastly worked towards its planning and organization.
The purpose of
the workshop was to create a platform that allows discussions of the
opportunities and tasks for project set-ups that lay ahead in
specific, targeted technology fields. In addition to review the
current national outlines for international project funding. This
was intended to form a basis for exchanging experiences and
elaborating on future scenarios and adapt current structure towards
increased, efficient international collaboration. The overall aim
was to reach a critical mass, despite the smallness of the
countries. Also, the flaws of some approaches of European R&D
funding management processes were addressed, so as to be seen and
turned into opportunities.
Furthermore this is a chance for bilateral
discussions between leading technology centers and industry in the
four important technology fields as well as between governmental
agencies. Targeted joint projects and collaboration was considered
as a welcomed outcome from these talks and discussions. Finally,
emerging, relevant societal areas relying on technology, like
security or sustainable mobility, have also informally addressed.
Partial List of Attendees:
Governmental organizations
Charlotte Brogren, Director General Vinnova
Anders Flodstr�m, Prof. in Physics, Royal Institute of Technology,
Senior Policy Advisor to the Swedish Government
Daniel H�chli, Director Swiss National Science Foundation
Sven Stafstr�m, Secretary General for Natural Science and
Engineering, Swedish Research Council, Prof. in Computational
Physics
Walter Steilin, President of KTI
Universities & Institutes
Billy Fredriksson, Prof. Board member of SNIC, Swedish Research
Council (former CTO Saab AB)
Sverker Holmgren, Director Swedish National Infrastructure for
Computing (SNIC), Prof. Scientific Computing
Antonio Lanzavecchia, Director Institute for Research in Biomedicine
(IRB) and Prof. in Immunology
Piero Martinoli, President University of Svizzera Italiana (USI) and
President of board for Swiss Centers for Scientific Computing
Michele Parrinello, Prof. ETHZ & USI, simulation-HPC
( http://www.rgp.ethz.ch/ )
Bengt Persson, Director the National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden
(NSC) & Prof. Bioinformatics
Gian Battista Ravano, Director DTI/SUPSI (Fachhochshule Ticino)
Louis Schlapbach, Prof. NP 21 Smart Materials, KTI expert (former
director EMPA)
Thomas Schultess, Director Swiss Center for Scientific Computing (CSCS)
Industry
Johan Ancker, Association of Swedish Engineering Industries &
President of J�nk�ping Institute of Technology
Maurice Campagna, Economiesuisse Science and Education (Former SVP
R&T ABB)
Pontus de Laval, Chief Technology Officer Saab AB
Matthias Kaiserswerth, Director of the IBM Zurich Research
Laboratory
Willi Paul Head of Global Lab Power ABB
_________________________________________________
On July 19, 2010, Dr.
Chehroudi was an invited speaker at the United Technology Research
Center (UTRC), Hartford, Connecticut to discuss a portfolio of
his R&D activities and management approaches for sustained
innovation. He was hosted by Dr. Catalin Fotache and met with
others (Jeffry Cohen, Marty Haas, Vince Nardone, Karen Teerlinck,
David Parekh, Marco Arienti, James Donohue, May Corn, Zhongtao Dai,
Stephen Zeppieri, Jeremiah Lee, and Dustin Davis). Dr. Chehroudi
made three presentations on his past research:
1. An innovative
interacting (or impinging) sprays injection for simultaneous soot and NOx
reduction in diesel engines (a pioneering experimental work by Dr. Chehroudi's group in 1994)
2. Applications of nanostructured materials: Ignition and combustion
processes in aerospace and automotive engines
3. A Unified approach on combustion instability in cryogenic liquid
rocket engines
_________________________________________________
On February 1, 2010, Dr. Chehroudi has been invited to conduct
several presentation at the French Aerospace Laboratory,
ONERA_Palaiseau,
ONERA residing at BP 72 - 92322 CHATILLON CEDEX,
FRANCE. He met with Dr. Mohammad Habiballah and Dr. Gerard
Ordonneau and had discussions on a number of topics and also sought
avenues for future collaborations in areas of mutual interest. Dr. Chehroudi went through three presentations consisted of the
followings topics:
-
Light-activated distributed ignition
of nanostructured materials
-
Forecasting variance of chamber
pressure fluctuations for real-time prediction of combustion
instability using GARCH and its variants
-
A unified approach on combustion
instability in cryogenic liquid rocket engines
_________________________________________________
On Dec 13-14, 2009, Dr Chehroudi was
invited to a visit at the German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Institute of Space Propulsion, at Lampoldshausen, Germany.
During this visit he and Dr. M. Oschwald, and Dr. O. Haiden
discussed areas in which series of collaborations can be
materialized. Dr. Chehroudi has also presented some of his work on
potential opportunity to use GARCH method in predicting
combustion instability in liquid rocket engines. Also, he presented
some of his recent work on supercritical combustion issues.
_________________________________________________
On February 18, 2009, Dr. Chehroudi
was an Invited Speaker to Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology Zurich (ETH) for a presentation on Supercritical
Fluids and Injection Processes of Relevance to High-Pressure
Combustion, Colloquium in Thermo-Fluid Dynamics (Kolloquiums Thermo-
und Fluiddynamik). [(http://www.ifd.mavt.ethz.ch/events/past-events/euromech-colloquium-521.ethz_search.html,
then type and search for Chehroudi) or (https://www1.ethz.ch/lav/people/fnoembri/ETHLifePrnit_feb09.pdf
on page 14)], February 18, 2009.
For a complete list of all speakers
click on the image.
For a copy of Dr. Chehroudi's
presentation click on the image below:
_________________________________________________
On January 2009, Dr.
Chehroudi was honored by the American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics (AIAA) with an Associate Fellow
society membership.
Associate Fellows are
individuals who have accomplished or been in charge of important
engineering or scientific work, who have done original work of
outstanding merit, or who have otherwise made outstanding
contributions to the arts, sciences, or technology of aeronautics or
astronautics. A candidate for this honor must have at least 12 years
of professional experience, and must be a Senior Member of the
Institute for at least one year from the current Associate Fellow
Deadline. Self-nominations are not permitted.
_________________________________________________
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